Zhu Wenyan, Zhan Yijun, Pei Jian, Fu Qinhui, Wang Ruiqi, Yang Qianwen, Guan Qingyang, Zhu Like
Department of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
International Education college, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
J Headache Pain. 2025 Jun 6;26(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02078-0.
Migraine affects more than one billion people worldwide, and there is growing concern about the burden of migraine. Migraine affects cognitive function during an attack, but reports are inconsistent on whether the effect of migraine on cognitive function persists and increases the risk of developing dementia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine whether migraine is a risk factor for dementia.
We searched six databases and included cohort studies with participants without dementia and with migraine at baseline, the outcome of interest was the risk of dementia, expressed in adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity.
A total of 11 cohort studies containing 6,964,353 participants were included. Migraine increased the risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09–1.46), AD (HR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.26–1.38), and VaD (HR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.24–1.32). Subgroup analyses revealed migraine with aura had an increased risk of all-cause dementia compared to migraine without aura. The pooled results showed that migraine significantly increase the risk of all-cause dementia in studies with high quality and studies with sample sizes more than 2000. The results of meta-regression analyses revealed that region, migraine type, diagnostic criteria for dementia, gender, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score, sample size, controls and mean follow-up time were not significant sources of study heterogeneity.
This meta-analysis suggest migraine as a risk factor for dementia. Due to significant heterogeneity between studies, residual confounding factors and bias, the results should be cautiously interpreted.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-025-02078-0.
偏头痛影响着全球超过10亿人，人们对偏头痛负担的担忧日益增加。偏头痛在发作期间会影响认知功能，但关于偏头痛对认知功能的影响是否持续存在并增加患痴呆症风险的报道并不一致。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在研究偏头痛是否为痴呆症的危险因素。
我们检索了六个数据库，纳入了基线时无痴呆且有偏头痛的参与者的队列研究，感兴趣的结局是痴呆症风险，以调整后的风险比和95%置信区间表示。采用亚组分析和meta回归来探讨异质性来源。
共纳入11项队列研究，包含6,964,353名参与者。偏头痛增加了全因痴呆（风险比=1.26；95%置信区间=1.09–1.46）、阿尔茨海默病（风险比=1.32；95%置信区间=1.26–1.38）和血管性痴呆（风险比=1.28；95%置信区间=1.24–1.32）的风险。亚组分析显示，与无先兆偏头痛相比，有先兆偏头痛患全因痴呆的风险增加。汇总结果表明，在高质量研究和样本量超过2000的研究中，偏头痛显著增加全因痴呆风险。meta回归分析结果显示，地区、偏头痛类型、痴呆诊断标准、性别、纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评分、样本量、对照和平均随访时间不是研究异质性的显著来源。
这项荟萃分析表明偏头痛是痴呆症的危险因素。由于研究之间存在显著异质性、残留混杂因素和偏差，对结果应谨慎解读。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s10194-025-02078-0获取的补充材料。
