Crispin-Cruz Dayan, Casas-Herrera Alejandro, Rojas-Báez Camilo, Torres-Duque Carlos, González-García Mauricio
Salud Respiratoria Comunitaria, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Dirección General, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Biomedica. 2025 May 30;45(2):277-285. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.7138.
International asthma management and prevention recommendations emphasize the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and adequate disease control. However, these aspects remain a serious concern, especially in children with low socioeconomic status.
To describe asthma prevalence, underdiagnosis, severity, and control among children with low socioeconomic status in Bogotá, Colombia.
We conducted a cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies Questionnaire in children aged 7-11 in two public schools. The children with affirmative answers in the questionnaire were evaluated clinically and functionally at the mobile health care unit. Asthma prevalence, underdiagnosis, control level, severity, and patients' quality of life were assessed with validated instruments.
We screened 920 schoolchildren with an age of 9.5 ± 1.1; 186 were evaluated clinically and functionally by spirometry, and 122 of them were diagnosed with asthma (17.2%). Underdiagnosis was 68%. Most patients had moderate and severe asthma, and 90% were cases of not well or very poorly controlled asthma.
Screening children in school settings is a suitable strategy for detecting asthma and reducing underdiagnosis in communities with low socioeconomic status and limited access to health care services. The asthma underdiagnosis and poor disease control were high.
国际哮喘管理与预防建议强调早期准确诊断及充分控制疾病的重要性。然而，这些方面仍是严重问题，尤其在社会经济地位较低的儿童中。
描述哥伦比亚波哥大社会经济地位较低儿童的哮喘患病率、诊断不足、严重程度及控制情况。
我们在两所公立学校对7至11岁儿童使用国际哮喘和过敏研究问卷进行了横断面研究。问卷回答为肯定的儿童在移动医疗单位接受临床和功能评估。使用经过验证的工具评估哮喘患病率、诊断不足、控制水平、严重程度及患者生活质量。
我们筛查了920名平均年龄为9.5±1.1岁的学童；186名通过肺活量测定法进行了临床和功能评估，其中122名被诊断为哮喘（17.2%）。诊断不足率为68%。大多数患者患有中度和重度哮喘，90%的病例哮喘控制不佳或非常差。
在学校环境中对儿童进行筛查是在社会经济地位低且获得医疗服务有限的社区中检测哮喘和减少诊断不足的合适策略。哮喘诊断不足和疾病控制不佳的情况很严重。
