The School Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SSPET): A proof-of-concept for assessing school suicide prevention policies.

BACKGROUND

As adolescent suicide rates have increased, there has been a nationwide increase in legislation requiring schools to create suicide prevention policies. In Utah, school districts must implement a youth suicide program for grades 7-12. Currently, there have been no systematic analyses of Utah school district suicide prevention policies. Thus, we developed a new evaluation instrument, the School Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SSPET).

METHODS

The SSPET was derived from the "Model School District Policy" and evaluates criteria on prevention, intervention, re-entry, and postvention. Four raters used the SSPET in a systematic analysis of suicide prevention policies for all school districts in the state of Utah.

RESULTS

Analysis revealed a right-skewed distribution of policy scores, and a median total score was 2.25/36. The mean percentage of inclusion of the four subsections in policies was less than 20% for most criteria. Median scores were totaled for the four subsections as follows: Prevention score was 1/9, intervention score was 1/14, re-entry score was 0/4, and postvention score was 0/9.

CONCLUSION

This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the utility of the SSPET in identifying shortcomings of school district policies on suicide while generating specific recommendations for improvement. With further validity testing, we expect this tool to be useful to school district administrators, education policymakers, and those studying suicide interventions and outcomes in school-aged children and adolescents.