Phosphorylation Regulation Promotes Bidirectional Dynamic Adaptive Interface for Achieving Stable Zn-I Batteries.

Unstable electrode-electrolyte interfaces resulting from severe cathodic polyiodide shuttling, anodic parasitic corrosion reactions, and dendrite growth significantly impede the performance of zinc-iodine (Zn-I) batteries. Here, phosphorylation regulation is proposed to create dynamically adaptive water-lean interfaces for long-term Zn-I batteries. Phosphorylation reinforces the adaptive interface construction through the increased adsorption capability on the Zn anode and introduces a dynamic pH-balancing capability while simultaneously offering extra sites for the real-time capture of polyiodide intermediates at the cathode. Consequently, extended durability (4400 h at 5 mA cm and 1 mAh cm), boosted coulombic efficiency (99.8% for 7500 cycles), and ultralong cycling for 8000 cycles at a high loading of 10 mg cm were maintained. These findings provide crucial insights into the optimization of adaptive interfaces through phosphorylation regulation for high-performance Zn-I batteries.