Arregui-Gallego Beatriz, Orts-Cortés María Isabel, Moreno-Casbas María Teresa, Abad-Corpa Eva, Camacho-Bejarano Rafaela, Cidoncha-Moreno Mª Ángeles, Feria-Raposo Isabel, Iruzubieta-Barragán Javier, Carmona Montserrat, Cristóbal-Domínguez Estíbaliz, Bernués-Caudillo Leticia, Casado-Ramírez Elvira, Recas-Martin Alda, Sánchez-López Dolores, Company-Sancho M Consuelo, Rascón Noelia López, Esteban-Sepúlveda Silvia, Vidal-Thomàs María Clara, Alonso Isabel, Muñoz-Jiménez Daniel, Segura-Heras José Vicente, Moncho Joaquín, Rich-Ruiz Manuel
Research Unit of the Primary Care Assistance Management (GAAP) - Primary Care Biomedical Research and Innovation Foundation (FIIBAP), Madrid, Spain.
Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-ISCIII), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 16;20(6):e0323777. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323777. eCollection 2025.
The COVID-19 pandemic generated a global health crisis that significantly impacted healthcare systems and professionals. Healthcare workers were exposed to high levels of psychological distress, including posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS).
Analyse the evolution of PTSS among Spanish healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify associated factors.
A multicenter prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up was conducted. PTSS was the primary outcome. Secondary variables included sociodemographic, occupational, psychological, and coping-related factors. Statistical analyses comprised bivariate comparisons and multivariate modelling, such as generalized linear models and linear mixed models.
Of the 428 participants, 180 completed the 12-month follow-up. At baseline, changes in work posts, negative family-work relations, avoidant coping, burnout symptoms, and emotional intelligence were associated with PTSS levels. Linear mixed models showed a significant decrease in PTSS over the 12-month period, regardless of gender, age, household type, occupational role, contract type, job title, level of care or type of service (p < 0.001). The generalised linear model explained 25.5% of the variance in PTSS levels at baseline, highlighting the role of psychological and coping factors over sociodemographic or occupational characteristics.
This study highlights the need for early identification and intervention focused on psychological and coping mechanisms. Promoting emotional regulation, reducing burnout, and addressing maladaptive coping may help mitigate long-term psychological effects among healthcare workers during public health crises.
新冠疫情引发了一场全球健康危机，对医疗系统和专业人员产生了重大影响。医护人员面临着高水平的心理困扰，包括创伤后应激症状（PTSS）。
分析新冠疫情期间西班牙医护人员PTSS的演变情况，并确定相关因素。
进行了一项为期12个月随访的多中心前瞻性队列研究。PTSS是主要结局。次要变量包括社会人口学、职业、心理和应对相关因素。统计分析包括双变量比较和多变量建模，如广义线性模型和线性混合模型。
428名参与者中，180人完成了12个月的随访。在基线时，工作岗位变化、负面的家庭与工作关系、回避应对、倦怠症状和情商与PTSS水平相关。线性混合模型显示，在12个月期间，无论性别、年龄、家庭类型、职业角色、合同类型、职位、护理水平或服务类型如何，PTSS均显著下降（p < 0.001）。广义线性模型解释了基线时PTSS水平变异的25.5%，突出了心理和应对因素相对于社会人口学或职业特征的作用。
本研究强调了早期识别和针对心理及应对机制进行干预的必要性。促进情绪调节、减少倦怠以及解决适应不良的应对方式，可能有助于减轻公共卫生危机期间医护人员的长期心理影响。
