Ali Shaukat, Summer Muhammad, Sharif Faiza
Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Defence Road Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Mol Histol. 2025 Jun 21;56(4):203. doi: 10.1007/s10735-025-10484-6.
The present research has aimed to formulate fibroin nanoparticles (FNPs) and Bergenia ciliata-loaded fibroin nanoparticles (BCFNPs) to investigate their antitumor activity against breast cancer in mice. The prepared FNPs and BCFNPs characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential measurement, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed characteristic peak at 282 nm for FNPs and 285 nm for BCFNPs, indicating the successful development of fibroin nanoparticles (FNPs) and Bergenia ciliata-loaded fibroin nanoparticles (BCFNPs). FT-IR analysis identified characteristic absorption bands in the FNPs spectrum at 3350 cm, 1654 cm, 1587 cm, and 1087 cm, indicating the preserved secondary structure of fibroin. In the BCFNPs spectrum, peak shifts and intensity variations were observed at 3338 cm and 1180 cm due to the loading of the bioactive compound, indicating successful incorporation of B. ciliata. The DLS analysis confirmed that the FNPs were within the nanometer size range, while the zeta potential measurements indicated that FNPs and BCFNPs have slightly negative surface charge. The SEM analysis assessed the shapes of nanoparticles ranging from round, triangular, and hexagonal shapes and XRD peaks at 2ϴ (20-80) confirmed crystalline nature of FNPs and BCFNPs. In the present study, we established a mice model (Swiss albino) of breast cancer induced by CdCl and treated with tamoxifen, Bergenia ciliata, FNP, and BCFNP to access their antitumor activity. During breast cancer induction, CdCl2 treated groups experienced weight loss, dropping from 30.2 to 18.0 g. After two months, administration of BCFNP significantly inversed the alteration of body weight. At the end of the trial, levels of blood serum biomarkers analyzed. All treatment groups showed better results but BCFNPs treated group exhibited significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in TNF-α (31.7 ± 1.4 pg/ml), IL-6 (20.2 ± 0.9 pg/mL), IL-10 (25.4 ± 1.9 pg/mL), LDH (481.0 ± 7.5 μmol/ml), ASAT (179.0 ± 7.3 μmol/ml), ALAT (532.8 ± 13.4 μmol/ml), and ALP (164.8 ± 5.9 μmol/ml) along with reduced tumor volume. Moreover, Significant (P < 0.0001) improvements in GSH and MDA (248.6 ± 7.9 μmol/ml) serum biomarkers also found. Histological analysis of the BCFNPs treated group revealed a significant reduction in ductal carcinoma. In conclusion, Bergenia ciliata loaded fibroin nanoparticles have potent potential to treat tumors by targeted drug delivery.
本研究旨在制备丝素蛋白纳米颗粒（FNPs）和负载岩白菜的丝素蛋白纳米颗粒（BCFNPs），以研究它们对小鼠乳腺癌的抗肿瘤活性。通过紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、动态光散射（DLS）、zeta电位测量、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）对制备的FNPs和BCFNPs进行表征。紫外可见光谱显示，FNPs在282nm处有特征峰，BCFNPs在285nm处有特征峰，表明成功制备了丝素蛋白纳米颗粒（FNPs）和负载岩白菜的丝素蛋白纳米颗粒（BCFNPs）。FT-IR分析在FNPs光谱中鉴定出3350cm、1654cm、1587cm和1087cm处的特征吸收带，表明丝素蛋白的二级结构得以保留。在BCFNPs光谱中，由于生物活性化合物的负载，在3338cm和1180cm处观察到峰位移和强度变化，表明岩白菜成功掺入。DLS分析证实FNPs在纳米尺寸范围内，而zeta电位测量表明FNPs和BCFNPs具有轻微的负表面电荷。SEM分析评估了纳米颗粒的形状，包括圆形、三角形和六边形，XRD在2ϴ（20-80）处的峰证实了FNPs和BCFNPs的晶体性质。在本研究中，我们建立了由CdCl诱导的乳腺癌小鼠模型（瑞士白化小鼠），并用他莫昔芬、岩白菜、FNP和BCFNP进行治疗，以评估它们的抗肿瘤活性。在乳腺癌诱导过程中，CdCl2处理组体重减轻，从30.2g降至18.0g。两个月后，BCFNP给药显著逆转了体重变化。在试验结束时，分析了血清生物标志物水平。所有治疗组均显示出较好的结果，但BCFNPs治疗组的TNF-α（31.7±1.4pg/ml）、IL-6（20.2±0.9pg/mL）、IL-10（25.4±1.9pg/mL）、LDH（481.0±7.5μmol/ml）、ASAT（179.0±7.3μmol/ml）、ALAT（532.8±13.4μmol/ml）和ALP（164.8±5.9μmol/ml）水平显著降低（P＜0.0001），同时肿瘤体积减小。此外，还发现GSH和MDA（248.6±7.9μmol/ml）血清生物标志物有显著（P＜0.0001）改善。BCFNPs治疗组的组织学分析显示导管癌显著减少。总之,负载岩白菜的丝素蛋白纳米颗粒具有通过靶向药物递送治疗肿瘤的强大潜力。
