Wolf Marietta, Steinberg Thorsten, Scholz Konstantin Johannes, Kruse Anne, Rezasoltani Sama, Conrads Georg, Al-Ahmad Ali, Cieplik Fabian
Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Medical Center & Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center of Dental Medicine, Medical Center & Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2025 Jun 6;9:100414. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100414. eCollection 2025.
This review examines the classification, distribution, and detection methods of subspecies, focusing on their distinct roles in health and disease. The evolution of classification is traced from early to modern protein-based and genomic methods, such as 16S rRNA and next generation sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The review highlights the importance of distinguishing subspecies due to their varying pathogenic potentials and ecological niches in both oral and extraoral environments. Different subspecies exhibit distinct prevalence and activity levels in specific clinical conditions, such as periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This highlights the importance of accurately identifying subspecies to understand their role in disease progression. Moreover, understanding the varying pathogenic potential of subspecies, which is driven by genetic diversity and virulence factors, is also essential for advancing research and improving patient outcomes.
本综述探讨了亚种的分类、分布和检测方法，重点关注它们在健康和疾病中的不同作用。分类的演变从早期基于蛋白质的方法追溯到现代基于基因组的方法，如16S rRNA、下一代测序以及基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）。该综述强调了区分亚种的重要性，因为它们在口腔和口腔外环境中的致病潜力和生态位各不相同。不同的亚种在特定临床病症（如牙周炎和口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC））中表现出不同的患病率和活性水平。这凸显了准确识别亚种以了解它们在疾病进展中作用的重要性。此外，了解由遗传多样性和毒力因子驱动的亚种不同致病潜力，对于推进研究和改善患者治疗结果也至关重要。
