Kurt Ahmet Arif, Ibrahim Bashar, Çınar Harun, Atsü Ayşe Nilhan, Bursalıoğlu Ertuğrul Osman, Bayır İsmail, Özmen Özlem, Aslan İsmail
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32000, Türkiye.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Süleyman Demire University, Isparta 32000, Türkiye.
Gels. 2025 Jun 3;11(6):431. doi: 10.3390/gels11060431.
L. (H.P.), a plant renowned for its wound-healing properties, was investigated for antioxidant/antimicrobial efficacy, toxicological safety, and in vivo wound-healing effects in this research to develop and characterize novel nanoemulsion hydrogel (NG) formulations. NG were prepared via emulsion diffusion-solvent evaporation and polymer hydration using Cremophor RH40 and Ultrez 21/30. A D-optimal design optimized oil/surfactant ratios, considering particle size, PDI, and drug loading. Antioxidant activity was tested via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. Toxicological assessment followed HET-CAM (ICH-endorsed) and ICCVAM guidelines. The optimized NG-2 (NE-HPM-10 + U30 0.5%) demonstrated stable and pseudoplastic flow, with a particle size of 174.8 nm, PDI of 0.274, zeta potential of -23.3 mV, and 99.83% drug loading. Release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. H.P. macerates/NEs showed potent antioxidant activity (DPPH IC: 28.4 µg/mL; FRAP: 1.8 mmol, Fe/g: 0.3703 ± 0.041 mM TE/g). Antimicrobial effects against methicillin-resistant (MIC: 12.5 µg/mL) and (MIC: 25 µg/mL) were significant. Stability studies showed no degradation. HET-CAM tests confirmed biocompatibility. Histopathology revealed accelerated re-epithelialization/collagen synthesis, with upregulated TGF-β1. The NG-2 formulation demonstrated robust antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing efficacy. Enhanced antibacterial activity and biocompatibility highlight its therapeutic potential. Clinical/pathological evaluations validated tissue regeneration without adverse effects, positioning H.P.-based nanoemulsions as promising for advanced wound care.
本研究对以其伤口愈合特性而闻名的植物L. (H.P.)进行了抗氧化/抗菌功效、毒理学安全性和体内伤口愈合效果的研究，以开发和表征新型纳米乳液水凝胶(NG)制剂。使用聚氧乙烯蓖麻油RH40和Ultrez 21/30通过乳液扩散-溶剂蒸发和聚合物水合制备NG。采用D-最优设计优化油/表面活性剂比例，同时考虑粒径、多分散指数(PDI)和载药量。通过DPPH、ABTS和FRAP测试抗氧化活性。毒理学评估遵循HET-CAM(ICH认可)和ICCVAM指南。优化后的NG-2(NE-HPM-10 + U30 0.5%)表现出稳定的假塑性流动，粒径为174.8 nm，PDI为0.274，zeta电位为-23.3 mV，载药量为99.83%。释放遵循Korsmeyer-Peppas模型。H.P.浸软剂/纳米乳液显示出强大的抗氧化活性(DPPH IC50: 28.4 µg/mL; FRAP: 1.8 mmol Fe/g: 0.3703±0.041 mM TE/g)。对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MIC: 12.5 µg/mL)和大肠杆菌(MIC: 25 µg/mL)的抗菌效果显著。稳定性研究表明没有降解。HET-CAM测试证实了生物相容性。组织病理学显示上皮再形成/胶原蛋白合成加速，转化生长因子-β1上调。NG-2制剂表现出强大的抗氧化、抗菌和伤口愈合功效。增强的抗菌活性和生物相容性突出了其治疗潜力。临床/病理评估验证了组织再生且无不良反应，将基于H.P.的纳米乳液定位为有望用于高级伤口护理。
