A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Aug 22;14(8):576. doi: 10.3390/toxins14080576.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent paralytic sodium channel blocker, is an intriguing marine toxin. Widely distributed in nature, TTX has attracted attention in various scientific fields, from biomedical studies to environmental safety concerns. Despite a long history of studies, many issues concerning the biosynthesis, origin, and spread of TTX in animals and ecosystems remain. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on TTX circulation inside TTX-bearing animal bodies. We focus on the advances in TTX detection at the cellular and subcellular levels, providing an expanded picture of intra-organismal TTX migration mechanisms. We believe that this review will help address the gaps in the understanding of the biological function of TTX and facilitate the development of further studies involving TTX-bearing animals.
河豚毒素（TTX）是一种强效的麻痹性钠离子通道阻滞剂，也是一种很有趣的海洋毒素。它广泛分布于自然界中，在从生物医学研究到环境安全关注的各个科学领域都引起了人们的关注。尽管已经进行了很长时间的研究，但有关 TTX 在动物和生态系统中的生物合成、起源和传播的许多问题仍然存在。这篇综述旨在总结目前关于 TTX 在心含 TTX 动物体内循环的知识。我们专注于 TTX 在细胞和亚细胞水平检测方面的进展，提供了一个关于体内 TTX 迁移机制的扩展图。我们相信，这篇综述将有助于解决对 TTX 生物学功能理解的差距，并促进进一步研究含 TTX 动物的发展。
