State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jun 21;56(12):7895-7904. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00264. Epub 2022 May 10.
The last few decades have seen ubiquitous and increasing contamination of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) worldwide. Here, we develop the first global inventories of production, use, in-use stocks, and emissions of total CPs, including the short-, medium- and long-chain components (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) during 1930-2020 using a dynamic substance flow analysis model named Chemical in Products Comprehensive Anthroposhpheric Fate Estimation. The model estimates that a total of ∼33 million metric tons of CPs have been produced and used globally, ∼40% of which still resided in in-use products by 2020 and is available for long-term emissions in the next decades. Global cumulative emissions of CPs have increased to ∼5.2 million metric tons by 2020, with SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs accounting for ∼30, 40, and 30%, respectively. While the production, use, and emissions of CPs started declining in regions such as Western Europe, they remain high in China. The model also suggests that homologues with 10, 14, and 22-23 carbons were predominant in the cumulatively produced and emitted SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs, respectively. The emission estimates were evaluated by generating environmental concentrations that are comparable to literature-reported environmental monitoring data. Our estimates provide opportunities to link the environmental fate and occurrence of CPs to emission sources and lay the basis for future risk-reduction strategies of CPs around the world.
过去几十年，全世界范围内氯化石蜡（CPs）的污染无处不在且呈上升趋势。在这里，我们使用一种名为“Chemical in Products Comprehensive Anthroposhpheric Fate Estimation”的动态物质流分析模型，开发了首个涵盖 1930 年至 2020 年期间 CPs 的生产、使用、在制品存量和排放的全球清单，包括短链、中链和长链氯化石蜡（SCCPs、MCCPs 和 LCCPs）。该模型估计，全球共生产和使用了约 3300 万吨 CPs，其中约 40%仍存在于 2020 年的在制品中，在未来几十年内仍可长期排放。到 2020 年，CPs 的全球累积排放量已增加到约 520 万吨，其中 SCCPs、MCCPs 和 LCCPs 分别占约 30%、40%和 30%。尽管在西欧等地区，CPs 的生产、使用和排放已开始下降，但在中国仍居高不下。该模型还表明，在累积生产和排放的 SCCPs、MCCPs 和 LCCPs 中，分别以 10、14 和 22-23 个碳原子为主导。通过生成与文献报道的环境监测数据相媲美的环境浓度，对排放估计进行了评估。我们的估计为将 CPs 的环境归宿和出现与排放源联系起来提供了机会，并为全球范围内制定未来的 CPs 减排策略奠定了基础。
