Chen Juntai, Lou Wenyong
Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Foods. 2025 Jun 9;14(12):2035. doi: 10.3390/foods14122035.
() is a traditional medicinal and edible plant with notable nutritional value and a wide range of biological activities. Recent studies have explored its chemical composition and pharmacological effects, particularly focusing on the potential utilization of its by-products. However, a lack of integrated analysis has limited a comprehensive understanding of its functional value and industrial relevance. This review provides a critical overview of the major bioactive components of MS, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, saponins, and polysaccharides, and highlights their antioxidant, lipid-lowering, antimicrobial, antidepressant, and immune-regulatory properties. In addition, the nutritional aspects of MS, including its protein, amino acid, and mineral contents, are discussed in detail. Safety evaluations based on existing toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies are also summarized. Furthermore, this work outlines the current and emerging applications of MS and its by-products in key industries: in the food sector as functional ingredients and nutritional supplements, in agriculture as biofertilizers and animal feed additives, and in cosmetics for their antioxidative and skin-protective effects. Finally, the review identifies current challenges and prospects for the industrial development of MS-based products across multiple domains.
（）是一种具有显著营养价值和广泛生物活性的传统药食两用植物。最近的研究探索了其化学成分和药理作用，尤其侧重于其副产品的潜在利用。然而，缺乏综合分析限制了对其功能价值和产业相关性的全面理解。本综述对（）的主要生物活性成分进行了批判性概述，如黄酮类化合物、酚酸、生物碱、皂苷和多糖，并突出了它们的抗氧化、降脂、抗菌、抗抑郁和免疫调节特性。此外，还详细讨论了（）的营养方面，包括其蛋白质、氨基酸和矿物质含量。还总结了基于现有毒理学和药代动力学研究的安全性评估。此外，这项工作概述了（）及其副产品在关键行业的当前和新兴应用：在食品领域作为功能成分和营养补充剂，在农业中作为生物肥料和动物饲料添加剂，以及在化妆品中因其抗氧化和皮肤保护作用。最后，该综述确定了基于（）的产品在多个领域产业发展的当前挑战和前景。
