Emam Mohamed Abdelaziz, Elsayed Ahmed, Hortobágyi Tibor, Amin Wafaa Mahmoud, Malik Shazia, Ali Olfat Ibrahim
János Szentágothai Neurosciences Division, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33511, Egypt.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jun 12;14(12):4185. doi: 10.3390/jcm14124185.
As aging leads to a decline in muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity, identifying effective, low-risk interventions for older adults is essential. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) has gained recognition as a potential substitute for traditional high-load resistance training, offering comparable benefits with reduced mechanical stress. This scoping review explores current BFRT protocols-specifically cuff pressure, training frequency, and duration-and their impact on muscular strength, hypertrophy, and functional capabilities among healthy elderly individuals. Following PRISMA-ScR and Arksey and O'Malley's framework, six databases were searched (2010-2024), yielding 13 eligible studies. Data were charted for BFRT parameters, training regimens, and outcomes related to strength, muscle size, and functionality. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane guidelines. Low-load BFRT (20-40% 1RM), applied 2-4 times weekly for 6-12 weeks, significantly improved muscle strength, hypertrophy (e.g., quadriceps CSA), and functional performance (e.g., TUG, 6MWT). Cuff pressures ranged from 50 to 80% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) for the lower limbs and 30-50% above systolic pressure for the upper limbs. Wider cuffs enhanced safety and comfort. BFRT demonstrated comparable or superior outcomes to conventional training in most studies, with minimal adverse effects reported. The existing evidence suggests that BFRT may be a promising intervention for improving muscle health and functionality in older adults; however, future research should focus on standardizing protocols, long-term outcomes, and tailored guidelines to optimize safety and efficacy.
随着衰老导致肌肉质量、力量和功能能力下降，为老年人确定有效、低风险的干预措施至关重要。血流限制训练（BFRT）已被公认为传统高负荷阻力训练的潜在替代方法，它能带来类似的益处，同时降低机械应力。本综述探讨了当前的BFRT方案——特别是袖带压力、训练频率和持续时间——及其对健康老年人肌肉力量、肥大和功能能力的影响。遵循PRISMA-ScR以及Arksey和O'Malley的框架，检索了六个数据库（2010年至2024年），产生了13项符合条件的研究。绘制了有关BFRT参数、训练方案以及与力量、肌肉大小和功能相关结果的数据图表。使用Cochrane指南评估偏倚风险。低负荷BFRT（1RM的20%-40%），每周进行2-4次，持续6-12周，显著提高了肌肉力量、肥大（如股四头肌横截面积）和功能表现（如定时起立行走测试、6分钟步行试验）。下肢袖带压力范围为动脉闭塞压（AOP）的50%至80%，上肢为收缩压以上30%-50%。更宽的袖带提高了安全性和舒适度。在大多数研究中，BFRT显示出与传统训练相当或更好的结果，报告的不良反应极少。现有证据表明，BFRT可能是改善老年人肌肉健康和功能的一种有前景的干预措施；然而，未来的研究应侧重于规范方案、长期结果以及制定个性化指南，以优化安全性和有效性。
