Nsekuye Olivier, Uwayo Henri Desire, Simbi Clarisse Marie Claudine, Habtu Michael, Ntaganira Joseph
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Blood Transfusion Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci. 2023 Jul 31;6(2):143-153. doi: 10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.5. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Blood transfusion saves human lives, but also it can be a route for Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) including Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis.
This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with TTIs among blood donors at Regional Centre for Blood Transfusion (RCBT) of Karongi, Rwanda.
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study design conducted among 36,708 blood donors from 2015 to 2019. Data were extracted from the system known as eProgesaused and the outcome variable were TTIs including HBV, HCV and HIV (measured using Enzyme Immuno-Assay/Chemiluminescence Immunoassay) and syphilis (determined by Rapid Reagin Plasma). Descriptive statistics was computed to describe the characteristics of the blood donors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the risk factors associated with TTIs. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The study found that the overall prevalence of TTIs was 2.1%, while the prevalences of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 1.3%, 0.4%, 0.06%, and 0.34%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the factors associated with HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis were being male, age more than 25 years, being married, living in urban areas, first time blood donors and blood donors living in Rusizi, Rusizi, Nyamasheke and Karongi districts.
This study revealed that the most frequent TTI was HBV among blood donors and the main risk groups were males, age group of 26-35 years, married and first time donors. Hence, while developing health policies to reduce the effects of HBV infection on safe blood transfusion, these study findings should be taken into account.
输血能挽救生命，但它也可能是包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和梅毒在内的输血传播感染（TTIs）的传播途径。
本研究旨在探讨卢旺达卡龙吉地区输血中心（RCBT）献血者中与输血传播感染相关的危险因素。
这是一项回顾性横断面研究设计，对2015年至2019年期间的36708名献血者进行了研究。数据从名为eProgesa的系统中提取，结果变量为输血传播感染，包括HBV、HCV和HIV（使用酶免疫测定/化学发光免疫测定法测量）以及梅毒（通过快速血浆反应素测定）。计算描述性统计数据以描述献血者的特征。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归以评估与输血传播感染相关的危险因素。P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
研究发现输血传播感染的总体患病率为2.1%，而HBV、HCV、HIV和梅毒的患病率分别为1.3%、0.4%、0.06%和0.34%。多变量分析表明，与HBV、HCV、HIV和梅毒相关的因素包括男性、年龄超过25岁、已婚、居住在城市地区、首次献血者以及居住在鲁济济、鲁济济、尼亚马舍克和卡龙吉地区的献血者。
本研究表明，献血者中最常见的输血传播感染是HBV,主要风险群体是男性、26 - 35岁年龄组、已婚者和首次献血者。因此，在制定减少HBV感染对安全输血影响的卫生政策时，应考虑这些研究结果。
