Patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting injections as antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) continues to have a high global burden, with approximately 39.9 million people currently living with the virus. Despite the clinical success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), adherence remains a significant challenge, often due to emotional distress and HIV-related stigma. Long-acting injectables (LAIs) such as the combination of cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) have emerged as promising alternatives, reducing the burden of daily pill regimens.

METHODS

This systematic review explores the role of CAB + RPV-LA injectables in antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a focus on patient-reported outcomes from five key clinical trials.

RESULTS

Findings reveal that CAB + RPV-LA maintains high levels of viral suppression comparable to daily ART while improving patient satisfaction and quality of life. Meta-analysis of HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQc) scores across multiple trials demonstrated consistent positive outcomes, with a mean score of 28.83 out of a possible range from -33 to +33, indicating a substantial improvement in patient satisfaction compared to baseline. Qualitative data highlight the psychological and logistical benefits of LAIs, including reduced stigma and enhanced treatment convenience.

CONCLUSIONS

This review underscores the potential of CAB + RPV-LA in improving patient adherence and satisfaction while offering insights for future studies on longer-term outcomes of LAI use.