Huang Pengfei, Wang Hanmin, Wang Juan, Qiu Zhenrong, Wang Chunfeng, Liu Han, Wang Qiye, Li Yali, Yang Huansheng
College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410114, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jun 26;15(13):1887. doi: 10.3390/ani15131887.
Despite limited understanding of gut fungal roles in fat deposition among indigenous pig breeds, a comparative study between high-fat-accumulating Ningxiang (NX) pigs and lean-type Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs reveals a fungal-driven regulatory mechanism. NX pigs exhibited significantly higher fat percentage, elevated serum glucose, and markedly reduced total colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared to DLY pigs (all < 0.001), with butyrate showing the most pronounced decrease. Beta-diversity confirmed distinct fungal communities ( = 0.002), where NX pigs were enriched with and , while DLY pigs harbored dominant . Strong correlations were observed: NX-enriched fungi positively correlated with glucose and negatively with SCFAs, whereas strongly associated with SCFAs ( < 0.001). FUNGuild analysis linked / to enhanced polysaccharide degradation and glucose bioavailability. The findings propose a gut fungal-mediated "Glucose-SCFAs axis": NX-enriched fungi elevate glucose (promoting lipogenesis) and suppress SCFAs (reducing butyrate-mediated adipocyte inhibition), whereas in DLY pigs enhances SCFAs-induced lipolysis. Crucially, we demonstrate that fungal modulation primarily drives fat deposition differences between breeds, offering novel probiotics/antifungal strategies for precision swine breeding.
尽管对本土猪种肠道真菌在脂肪沉积中的作用了解有限，但一项针对高脂肪积累的宁乡（NX）猪和瘦肉型杜洛克×长白×大白（DLY）猪的比较研究揭示了一种由真菌驱动的调节机制。与DLY猪相比，NX猪的脂肪百分比显著更高，血清葡萄糖升高，结肠总短链脂肪酸（SCFA）明显减少（均<0.001），其中丁酸盐的减少最为明显。β多样性证实了不同的真菌群落（=0.002），其中NX猪富含 和 ，而DLY猪则以 为主。观察到强烈的相关性：NX猪中富集的真菌与葡萄糖呈正相关，与SCFA呈负相关，而 与SCFA密切相关（<0.001）。FUNGuild分析将 / 与增强的多糖降解和葡萄糖生物利用度联系起来。研究结果提出了一种肠道真菌介导的“葡萄糖-SCFA轴”：NX猪中富集的真菌提高葡萄糖水平（促进脂肪生成）并抑制SCFA（减少丁酸盐介导的脂肪细胞抑制），而DLY猪中的 增强SCFA诱导的脂肪分解。至关重要的是，我们证明真菌调节主要驱动品种间的脂肪沉积差异，为精准养猪育种提供了新的益生菌/抗真菌策略。
