Budău Ruben, Timofte Claudia Simona Cleopatra, Mirisan Ligia Valentina, Bei Mariana, Dinca Lucian, Murariu Gabriel, Racz Karoly Alexandru
Department of Silviculture and Forestry Engineering, University of Oradea, 26 General Magheru Boulevard, 410048 Oradea, Romania.
Department of Law and Administrative Sciences, University of Oradea, 26 General Magheru Boulevard, 410048 Oradea, Romania.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 7;14(13):2075. doi: 10.3390/plants14132075.
Monumental trees, defined by their exceptional size, form, and age, are critical components of both cultural heritage and ecological systems. However, their conservation faces increasing threats from habitat fragmentation, climate change, and inadequate public policies. This review synthesized global research on monumental trees by analyzing 204 peer-reviewed articles published between 1989 and 2024 that were sourced from Web of Science and Scopus. Our bibliometric analysis highlighted and as the most frequently studied species and identified a surge in publications after 2019, particularly from the USA, Italy, and Spain. Key research themes included conservation, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. The methodological approaches varied globally, encompassing ranking systems; GIS mapping; remote sensing; and non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as acoustic tomography and chlorophyll fluorescence. Conservation strategies discussed included vegetative propagation, cryopreservation, and legal risk management. Despite advances in these techniques, significant gaps remain in effectively addressing environmental pressures and integrating multidisciplinary approaches. We concluded that targeted, interdisciplinary strategies are essential to safeguard monumental trees as vital ecological and cultural landmarks.
具有非凡尺寸、形态和树龄的古树是文化遗产和生态系统的关键组成部分。然而，它们的保护面临着栖息地破碎化、气候变化和公共政策不完善等日益增加的威胁。本综述通过分析1989年至2024年间发表在科学网和Scopus上的204篇同行评议文章，综合了全球关于古树的研究。我们的文献计量分析突出了[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]作为研究最频繁的物种，并发现2019年之后出版物数量激增，特别是来自美国、意大利和西班牙。关键研究主题包括保护、生物多样性和生态系统服务。全球范围内的方法学途径各不相同，包括排名系统、地理信息系统绘图、遥感以及非侵入性诊断工具，如声学层析成像和叶绿素荧光。讨论的保护策略包括营养繁殖、低温保存和法律风险管理。尽管这些技术取得了进展，但在有效应对环境压力和整合多学科方法方面仍存在重大差距。我们得出结论，有针对性的跨学科策略对于保护古树作为重要的生态和文化地标至关重要。
