Haghiri-Vijeh Roya, Coatsworth-Puspoky Robin, Ramesh Harish, Shakibai Arvin, Dullius Willian Roger, Allan Marcus
School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jun 27;13(13):1533. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13131533.
The literature details the healthcare needs of migrant people living with chronic illnesses and the consequent economic, social, and healthcare needs of their caregivers. Similarly, some studies have underscored the social and healthcare needs of 2SLGBTQIA+ (two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex individuals, including diverse sexual and gender identities under the "+" symbol) adults living with chronic illnesses and their caregivers. This narrative review presents the context of migrant 2SLGBTQIA+ unpaid caregivers and how their intersecting identities influence their caregiving roles for family members with chronic illnesses. In this article, caregivers are defined as family members or chosen families who provide unpaid support that may last for three months or longer for people living with chronic illnesses. Most studies and policies overlook 2SLGBTQIA+ migrants who are also unpaid caregivers of individuals living with chronic illnesses, leaving them unsupported through discrimination at the intersection of racism, homophobia, transphobia, ageism, and ableism, forcing them to remain vulnerable to increased emotional and physical strain. There is a presence of pervasive systemic barriers, including a lack of training and education among social and healthcare providers, about the needs of migrant 2SLGBTQIA+ unpaid caregivers. Additional challenges stem from inadequate policies and insufficient targeted resources, particularly for caregivers from marginalized racial and ethnic backgrounds. The findings of this study highlight the necessity for a call to action to address these gaps and improve support systems for these highly marginalized communities.
文献详细阐述了慢性病患者移民群体的医疗保健需求，以及他们的照料者随之而来的经济、社会和医疗保健需求。同样，一些研究也强调了患有慢性病的2SLGBTQIA+（双性人、女同性恋者、男同性恋者、双性恋者、跨性别者、酷儿和双性人个体，“+”符号代表不同的性取向和性别认同）成年人及其照料者的社会和医疗保健需求。本叙述性综述介绍了移民2SLGBTQIA+无薪照料者的背景情况，以及他们相互交织的身份如何影响他们对慢性病家庭成员的照料角色。在本文中，照料者被定义为为慢性病患者提供可能持续三个月或更长时间无薪支持的家庭成员或选定的家庭。大多数研究和政策都忽视了身为慢性病患者无薪照料者的2SLGBTQIA+移民，使他们在种族主义、恐同症、恐跨症、年龄歧视和能力歧视的交叉点上因歧视而得不到支持，迫使他们容易受到情绪和身体压力增加的影响。存在普遍的系统性障碍，包括社会和医疗保健提供者缺乏关于移民2SLGBTQIA+无薪照料者需求的培训和教育。其他挑战源于政策不足和针对性资源不足，特别是对于来自边缘化种族和族裔背景的照料者。本研究的结果凸显了呼吁采取行动解决这些差距并改善这些高度边缘化社区支持系统的必要性。
