Zuo Kewei, Chen Lingxing, Li Tian, Liu Shuang, Zhang Chenlu
School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Biological Resources in Qinba Mountainous Area, Hanzhong 723000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 28;26(13):6253. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136253.
Phosphorus (P), as one of the essential bulk elements for plant growth and development, plays an important role in root growth, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and regulation of gene expression. In Bunge (), an important medicinal plant, the accumulation of its active components is closely related to the level of phosphorus supply, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of phosphorus treatment in the growth and secondary metabolism of is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of low phosphorus (P2), moderate phosphorus (P4), and high phosphorus (P6) treatment on the growth and development of . seedlings, the accumulation of bioactive compounds, and their transcriptional regulation using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, and identified the key regulatory genes in the biosynthesis pathways of tanshinone and salvianolic acid. The findings revealed that biomass exhibited a "peaked" response to phosphorus concentration, peaking at 0.625 mmol·L. At this optimal concentration, all four batches achieved maximum root length, root weight, and leaf weight: Batch I (11.3 cm, 2.34 g, 1.62 g), Batch II (12.7 cm, 2.67 g, 1.89 g), Batch III (13.8 cm, 2.85 g, 2.04 g), and Batch IV (15.6 cm, 3.51 g, 2.44 g). Both lower and higher concentrations resulted in growth inhibition and reduced bioactive compound accumulation. Transcription factors associated with root growth and development included bHLH, MYB, and WRKY; in particular, the bZIP23 transcription factor was highly expressed under abnormal phosphorus supply conditions. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of tanshinone and salvianolic acid were elucidated, and key genes related to the synthesis pathways (CPS, KSL, CYP, PAL, HPPR, and RAS) were identified. The expression of several TFs (such as SmCPS1, SmCYP76AH3, SmCYP76AH1, SmGGPPS1, and SmRAS1) was found to be correlated with tanshinone and salvianolic acid synthesis. The present study provides a theoretical basis for further revealing the molecular mechanism of phosphorus regulation of growth, development, and secondary metabolism of and provides potential targets for efficient cultivation and molecular breeding of
磷（P）作为植物生长发育必需的大量元素之一，在根系生长、次生代谢产物积累以及基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用。在重要药用植物丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge）中，其活性成分的积累与磷供应水平密切相关，但磷处理对丹参生长和次生代谢的分子调控机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们通过转录组学和代谢组学分析，研究了低磷（P2）、中磷（P4）和高磷（P6）处理对丹参幼苗生长发育、生物活性化合物积累及其转录调控的影响，并鉴定了丹参酮和丹酚酸生物合成途径中的关键调控基因。研究结果表明，丹参生物量对磷浓度呈现“峰值”响应，在0.625 mmol·L时达到峰值。在此最佳浓度下，四批植株的根长、根重和叶重均达到最大值：第一批（11.3 cm，2.34 g，1.62 g）、第二批（12.7 cm，2.67 g，1.89 g）、第三批（13.8 cm，2.85 g，2.04 g）和第四批（15.6 cm，3.51 g，2.44 g）。较低和较高浓度均导致生长抑制和生物活性化合物积累减少。与根系生长发育相关的转录因子包括bHLH、MYB和WRKY；特别是bZIP23转录因子在磷供应异常条件下高度表达。此外，阐明了丹参酮和丹酚酸的生物合成途径，并鉴定了与合成途径相关的关键基因（CPS、KSL、CYP、PAL、HPPR和RAS）。发现几个转录因子（如SmCPS1、SmCYP76AH3、SmCYP76AH1、SmGGPPS1和SmRAS1）的表达与丹参酮和丹酚酸合成相关。本研究为进一步揭示磷调控丹参生长、发育和次生代谢的分子机制提供了理论依据，并为丹参的高效栽培和分子育种提供了潜在靶点。
