Chen Linghui, Sleeman Katherine E, Huang Huichan, Mo Yihan, Bradshaw Andy, Ellis-Smith Clare
Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Palliat Med. 2025 Sep;39(8):897-909. doi: 10.1177/02692163251347826. Epub 2025 Jul 13.
The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for Dementia (IPOS-Dem) was developed to assess symptoms and concerns comprehensively for people with dementia. There is a high demand for comprehensive assessment of people with dementia in China.
To translate and culturally adapt the IPOS-Dem into Chinese.
Conceptual equivalence, forward and backward translations, and expert review were performed to develop a prototype Chinese version. Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted to ensure the items and scoring format were clearly expressed in the Chinese version.
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Professionals, including a physician, a nurse, a linguistic researcher and a humanities researcher, were involved in the prototype Chinese version development. A purposive sample of 12 health care professionals working in three Chinese nursing homes participated in the cognitive interviewing.
The Chinese version was perceived as clinically useful. Challenges arose regarding comprehension of some items due to difficulties in translating the precise meanings. These included 'Drowsiness (sleepiness)', 'Difficulty communicating' and 'Do you think s/he felt at peace?'. Considering how a symptom affects an individual presented was also challenging for respondents, as they needed to judge whether the symptom was present and/or causing distress. Selecting the appropriate term to name the measure elucidated the current understanding of dementia and palliative care in China, both of which remain poorly understood.
This study highlighted the importance of cultural adaptation in conveying meanings across cultures. Most items were translatable and conceptually equivalent. The term 'at peace' and the concept of 'being affected' generated the most challenges in comprehension and judgement.
痴呆症综合姑息治疗结果量表（IPOS-Dem）旨在全面评估痴呆症患者的症状和问题。中国对痴呆症患者进行全面评估的需求很高。
将IPOS-Dem翻译成中文并进行文化调适。
进行概念等效性、正向和反向翻译以及专家评审，以开发中文版原型。进行两轮认知访谈，以确保中文版中各项内容和评分格式表达清晰。
设置/参与者：包括一名医生、一名护士、一名语言研究人员和一名人文研究人员在内的专业人员参与了中文版原型的开发。从三家中国养老院中选取12名医护专业人员作为有目的的样本，参与认知访谈。
中文版在临床上被认为是有用的。由于难以准确翻译某些含义，在理解一些项目时出现了挑战。这些项目包括“嗜睡（困倦）”、“沟通困难”以及“你认为他/她感到平静吗？”。考虑症状如何影响个体的呈现方式对受访者来说也具有挑战性，因为他们需要判断症状是否存在和/或是否造成困扰。选择合适的术语来命名该量表阐明了中国目前对痴呆症和姑息治疗的理解，而这两方面的理解仍然不足。
本研究强调了文化调适在跨文化传达意义方面的重要性。大多数项目是可翻译的且在概念上是等效的。“平静”一词和“受到影响”的概念在理解和判断方面带来了最大的挑战。
