Alam Tariq
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, 29506, USA.
Mol Biotechnol. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1007/s12033-025-01476-8.
Plant transformation and genome editing are pivotal in advancing peanut biotechnology, yet traditional tissue culture-dependent methods are hindered by lengthy protocols, genotype dependency, and somaclonal variation. CRISPR/Cas technologies have revolutionized breeding by enabling precise, multiplex genome editing to improve traits such as disease resistance, allergen reduction, seed quality, and yield. However, variable transformation efficiencies and chimerism remain challenges. This review examines emerging tissue culture-independent techniques such as nanoparticle-based delivery, viral vectors, pollen magnetofection, pollen tube injection, node injection, and vacuum infiltration that offer rapid, cost-effective gene transfer. It also highlights the integration of high-throughput screening, robust selection markers, and automation, including robotics and advanced imaging, to refine transformation pipelines. These methodological breakthroughs promise to overcome current limitations and accelerate the development of improved peanut cultivars for sustainable agriculture.
植物转化和基因组编辑对推进花生生物技术至关重要，但传统的依赖组织培养的方法受到冗长方案、基因型依赖性和体细胞克隆变异的阻碍。CRISPR/Cas技术通过实现精确的多重基因组编辑来改善抗病性、减少过敏原、提高种子质量和产量等性状，从而彻底改变了育种方式。然而，可变的转化效率和嵌合体仍然是挑战。本文综述了新兴的不依赖组织培养的技术，如基于纳米颗粒的递送、病毒载体、花粉磁转染、花粉管注射、节点注射和真空渗透，这些技术提供了快速、经济高效的基因转移。它还强调了高通量筛选、强大的选择标记和自动化（包括机器人技术和先进成像）的整合，以优化转化流程。这些方法上的突破有望克服当前的局限性，并加速可持续农业改良花生品种的开发。
