Halani Sheliza, Kiss Alex, Estrada-Codecido Jose, Ga'al Amal, Kapsack Abby, Zhabokritsky Alice, Chan Adrienne K, Lam Philip W, Simor Andrew, Leis Jerome A, Mubareka Samira, Daneman Nick, Andany Nisha
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institute for Clinical Evaluate Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can. 2025 May 29;10(2):186-191. doi: 10.3138/jammi-2025-0002. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Alterations in smell (anosmia) and taste (dysgeusia) are common with SARS-CoV-2. The study objective was to evaluate for concordance in anosmia and dysgeusia among household members affected by COVID-19.
A retrospective cohort study of individuals followed by the COVIDEO program at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre was performed for patients ≥4 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 between April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Households were identified, and index cases were selected based on the first subject assessed by COVIDEO. Controls for each household contact were identified from the COVIDEO database by matching age (within 10 years) and date of diagnosis (closest within 3 months thereafter). Concordance of anosmia and dysgeusia was determined between index cases and household contacts compared to nonhousehold controls.
A total of 353 households were identified: 963 subjects (353 index cases, 600 household contacts) and 600 controls. Median age was 30 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 16, 49), and 50% (475/953) were women. Prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia were 23.6% and 22.7%, respectively. Anosmia concordance was 64.3% between index cases and nonhousehold controls, compared to 65.7% ( = 0.09) between index cases and nongenetically related household members, and 69.4% ( = 0.74) between index cases and genetically related household members. In multivariate analysis, anosmia was more likely to be reported with longer time from symptom onset (OR 1.06 per day [95% CI 1.02 to 1.1]), and with rhinorrhea (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.6 to 3.0]), or dyspnea (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.3 to 4.4]).
There was no significant difference in anosmia and dysgeusia concordance between genetically related and unrelated household members or non-household controls.
嗅觉（嗅觉丧失）和味觉（味觉障碍）改变在感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）时很常见。本研究的目的是评估受2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）影响的家庭成员中嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的一致性。
对2020年4月1日至2020年12月31日期间在阳光布鲁克健康科学中心接受COVIDEO项目随访的≥4岁确诊为COVID-19的患者进行回顾性队列研究。确定家庭，并根据COVIDEO评估的第一个受试者选择索引病例。通过匹配年龄（10岁以内）和诊断日期（此后3个月内最接近），从COVIDEO数据库中确定每个家庭接触者的对照。将索引病例与家庭接触者之间的嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍一致性与非家庭对照进行比较。
共确定了353个家庭：963名受试者（353名索引病例，600名家庭接触者）和600名对照。中位年龄为30岁（四分位间距[IQR]：16，49），50%（475/953）为女性。嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的患病率分别为23.6%和22.7%。索引病例与非家庭对照之间的嗅觉丧失一致性为64.3%，索引病例与非遗传相关家庭成员之间为65.7%（P = 0.09），索引病例与遗传相关家庭成员之间为69.4%（P = 0.74）。在多变量分析中，症状出现时间越长，嗅觉丧失的报告可能性越大（每天OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.02至1.1]），伴有鼻漏（OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.6至3.0]）或呼吸困难（OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.3至4.4]）。
遗传相关和非遗传相关的家庭成员或非家庭对照之间，嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的一致性没有显著差异。
