Shih Yu-Hsiang, Yang Chiao-Yu, Lung Chia-Chi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2534095. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2534095. Epub 2025 Jul 17.
Research on the effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) on influenza outcomes has been limited.
This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, targeting individuals aged 46 to 60 diagnosed with influenza who had not received the influenza vaccination in the prior year. Participants were divided into two cohorts: the MHT cohort, which included individuals who had used estrogen within the preceding 3 months, and the non-MHT cohort, consisting of those who had not used estrogen during the same period. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance key demographic and clinical variables, including age, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, pulmonary diseases, and heart diseases. The primary analysis was the assessment of respiratory morbidity within three months following the influenza diagnosis, while secondary analysis included the evaluation of patients with pre-existing lung or heart diseases and those who received antiviral medication.
After PSM, each cohort included 15,136 women. Women aged 46-60 who used MHT experienced a significant reduction in lung complications, with the risk of influenza pneumonia or respiratory failure decreasing by approximately 40%. However, among patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, lung disease, or heart disease, MHT did not demonstrate a clear protective effect. Similarly, in patients who received antiviral treatment following influenza infection, the MHT group showed no significant reduction in the risk of respiratory complications.
In conclusion, MHT was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of lung complications in women aged 46-60 without chronic conditions.
关于绝经激素治疗（MHT）对流感结局影响的研究有限。
这项回顾性队列研究利用了2010年1月1日至2019年12月31日期间TriNetX美国协作网络的数据，目标人群为46至60岁被诊断患有流感且上一年未接种流感疫苗的个体。参与者被分为两个队列：MHT队列，包括在过去3个月内使用过雌激素的个体；非MHT队列，由同期未使用过雌激素的个体组成。采用倾向评分匹配（PSM）来平衡关键的人口统计学和临床变量，包括年龄、种族、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肺部疾病和心脏病。主要分析是评估流感诊断后三个月内的呼吸道发病率，次要分析包括对已有肺部或心脏病的患者以及接受抗病毒药物治疗的患者的评估。
经过PSM后，每个队列包括15136名女性。46至60岁使用MHT的女性肺部并发症显著减少，流感肺炎或呼吸衰竭的风险降低了约40%。然而，在患有糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、肺部疾病或心脏病等慢性病的患者中，MHT并未显示出明显的保护作用。同样，在流感感染后接受抗病毒治疗的患者中，MHT组呼吸道并发症的风险没有显著降低。
总之，MHT与46至60岁无慢性病女性肺部并发症风险的显著降低有关。
