Komluski Jovan, Filatova Sofia, Schlütz Frank, Claaßen Benjamin, Rösch Manfred, Krause-Kyora Ben, Kirleis Wiebke, Stukenbrock Eva H
Botanical Institute, Kiel University, 241148 Kiel, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany.
iScience. 2025 Jun 6;28(7):112716. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112716. eCollection 2025 Jul 18.
In medieval central Europe, rye was one of the most important agricultural crops. We combined archaeobotanical methods and ancient DNA sequencing of historical rye material to study patterns of genetic diversity across four centuries. We applied archaeobotanical methods to characterize rye material acquired from construction material ranging from the 14th to 18th centuries from different locations in Germany. Next, we extracted DNA to sequence complete chloroplast genomes of six individual samples and compared sequences of historical rye samples to chloroplast genomes of other cereal crops, including a modern rye cultivar. Comparing the aDNA chloroplast samples with modern and non-domesticated rye chloroplast, we show that genetic variation in the historical German rye population was considerably higher. The exceptional difference in levels of genetic variation likely reflects the consequences of late domestication and selective breeding on genetic variation in this important crop in the last few centuries.
在中世纪的中欧，黑麦是最重要的农作物之一。我们结合了考古植物学方法和对历史黑麦材料的古DNA测序，以研究四个世纪以来的遗传多样性模式。我们应用考古植物学方法，对从14世纪到18世纪德国不同地点的建筑材料中获取的黑麦材料进行特征描述。接下来，我们提取DNA，对六个个体样本的完整叶绿体基因组进行测序，并将历史黑麦样本的序列与其他谷物作物的叶绿体基因组进行比较，包括一个现代黑麦品种。将古代DNA叶绿体样本与现代和未驯化的黑麦叶绿体进行比较，我们发现历史上德国黑麦种群的遗传变异要高得多。遗传变异水平的显著差异可能反映了过去几个世纪后期驯化和选择性育种对这种重要作物遗传变异的影响。
