Wu Chunfei, Zhao Xinyu, Li Mingyao, Qu Yunfeng, Yan Xinyu, Ding Jiarui, Zhou Tong, Jiang Changtong, Liu Qiaohan, Jiang Jiarui, Li Xinling, Li Hongjie, Zhang Yanming
Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
Institute of Biotechnology, Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China.
Theor Appl Genet. 2025 Jul 18;138(8):184. doi: 10.1007/s00122-025-04968-y.
Thirteen black-grain wheat lines with black endosperm and high grain protein were developed through hybridization between wheat cultivars and Thinopyrum intermedium. These lines are disomic chromosome substitution lines designated DS4B/4J or DS4D/4J. Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and D. R. Dewey (2n = 6x = 42, StStJJJJ or StStEEEE) is a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. By crossing the common wheat cultivar Kehan 9 and a male-sterile line Taigu with Th. intermedium, we generated 13 wheat lines characterized by black aleurone and endosperm, along with elevated grain protein content. Field trials from 2022 to 2024 demonstrated that these lines exhibited superior yield traits and higher protein content compared to the parental Kehan 9. Sequential multicolor genomic and florescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that a pair of recombinant J and St chromosomes from Th. intermedium replaced wheat chromosomes 4B or 4D, respectively. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis via RNA-seq further identified this recombinant chromosome from the homoeologous group 4, designated 4J. These black-grain wheat lines were thus identified as disomic chromosome substitution lines DS4B/4J or DS4D/4J. Analysis of an F population derived from a cross between black- and white-grain lines confirmed the association between chromosome 4J and the black-grain trait. Three anthocyanin-related genes located on chromosome 4J, and the expression level of Thint.S04G290300 encoding a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein, showed a progressive increase during grain development. Black pigmentation was initially detected at 18 days post-anthesis (DPA) in the aleurone layer near the embryo region and in the endosperm at 30 DPA. These lines provide a promising foundation for enhancing wheat nutritional value through the development of colored grain cultivars.
通过小麦品种与中间偃麦草杂交，培育出了13个具有黑色胚乳和高蛋白含量的黑粒小麦品系。这些品系是二体染色体代换系，命名为DS4B/4J或DS4D/4J。中间偃麦草（Host）Barkworth和D. R. Dewey（2n = 6x = 42，StStJJJJ或StStEEEE）是小麦改良的宝贵遗传资源。通过将普通小麦品种科旱9号和雄性不育系太谷与中间偃麦草杂交，我们获得了13个具有黑色糊粉层和胚乳以及较高籽粒蛋白质含量的小麦品系。2022年至2024年的田间试验表明，与亲本科旱9号相比，这些品系表现出优异的产量性状和更高的蛋白质含量。连续的多色基因组和荧光原位杂交分析表明，来自中间偃麦草的一对重组J和St染色体分别取代了小麦的4B或4D染色体。通过RNA-seq进行的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析进一步鉴定了来自同源群4中的这条重组染色体，命名为4J。因此，这些黑粒小麦品系被鉴定为二体染色体代换系DS4B/4J或DS4D/4J。对黑粒和白粒品系杂交产生的F群体的分析证实了4J染色体与黑粒性状之间的关联。位于4J染色体上的三个花青素相关基因，以及编码碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH）DNA结合超家族蛋白的Thint.S04G290300的表达水平，在籽粒发育过程中呈逐渐增加趋势。黑色色素最初在花后18天（DPA）在靠近胚区域的糊粉层中检测到，并在30 DPA时在胚乳中检测到。这些品系为通过培育有色籽粒品种提高小麦营养价值提供了有前景的基础。
