Han Xiaojuan, Shi Xinqian, Ma Taohong, Gao Kaixia, Wang Qiuju, Han Xue, Zhao Ruining, Zhou Yue, Zhu Jiahui, Guo Hao, Shang Linping
First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 22;15(1):26588. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12678-0.
As the main undertakers of home care for urostomy patients after discharge, family caregivers play an important role in patients' postoperative recovery. Family caregivers of patients with urostomy may be under greater pressure than patients themselves, and there is a heavy burden on caregivers, and their care needs are complicated and urgent. However, there is a lack of research on the care needs of family caregivers of bladder cancer patients with urostomy, and tools to assess the specific needs of family caregivers of bladder cancer patients with urostomy are lacking. This study aimed to develop an assessment tool to measure the specific needs of family caregivers for bladder cancer patients with urinary ostomies and to examine its reliability and validity. The development of the scale is based on the Supportive Care Framework, and the item pool is determined through literature retrieval and qualitative research. The items of the scale were revised via Delphi expert consultation, and 198 family caregivers of urostomy patients in five 3 A hospitals in Taiyuan City, China, were investigated. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 22.0 were used for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to evaluate the reliability, content validity, discrimination validity, structure validity, and convergence validity of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis identified three dimensions of the 21-item scale of care needs of family caregivers of patients with bladder cancer undergoing urostomy, namely, demand for disease information, demand for physical and mental comfort, and demand for social support. Cronbach's α coefficient and half-reliability of the whole scale and each dimension are greater than 0.7, indicating high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the scale fits the data well, and the content validity, discrimination validity, and convergence validity of the scale are excellent, which provides evidence of support. The scale developed by the authors is a relatively reliable and effective tool for evaluating the specific care needs of family caregivers of patients with bladder cancer undergoing urostomy. Future research could develop role-specific subscales tailored to distinct kinship categories (e.g., spouses, daughters, sons) to enable precision assessment of caregiving needs.
作为尿流改道患者出院后居家护理的主要承担者，家庭照顾者在患者术后康复中发挥着重要作用。尿流改道患者的家庭照顾者可能承受着比患者本人更大的压力，照顾者负担沉重，其护理需求复杂且迫切。然而，目前缺乏对膀胱癌尿流改道患者家庭照顾者护理需求的研究，也缺乏评估膀胱癌尿流改道患者家庭照顾者具体需求的工具。本研究旨在开发一种评估工具，以测量膀胱癌尿流改道患者家庭照顾者的具体需求，并检验其信效度。该量表的开发基于支持性护理框架，通过文献检索和质性研究确定条目池。量表条目经德尔菲专家咨询进行修订，并对中国太原市5家三甲医院的198名尿流改道患者的家庭照顾者进行调查。使用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 22.0进行数据分析。进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析，以评估该量表的信度、内容效度、区分效度、结构效度和聚合效度。探索性因素分析确定了膀胱癌尿流改道患者家庭照顾者护理需求21条目量表的三个维度，即疾病信息需求、身心舒适需求和社会支持需求。总量表及各维度的Cronbach's α系数和折半信度均大于0.7，表明内部一致性较高。验证性因素分析表明该量表与数据拟合良好，量表的内容效度、区分效度和聚合效度均良好，提供了支持证据。作者开发的该量表是评估膀胱癌尿流改道患者家庭照顾者具体护理需求的一种相对可靠且有效的工具。未来的研究可以针对不同亲属类别（如配偶、女儿、儿子）开发特定角色的子量表，以实现对护理需求的精准评估。
