Saiphoklang Narongkorn, Ruchiwit Pitchayapa, Kanitsap Apichart, Tantiyavarong Pichaya, Vatcharavongvan Pasitpon, Palungrit Srimuang, Leelasittikul Kanyada, Pugongchai Apiwat, Poachanukoon Orapan
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Medical Diagnostics Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Med Sci (Basel). 2025 Jul 9;13(3):88. doi: 10.3390/medsci13030088.
: Patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are usually managed in an outpatient setting. Pulmonary functions in this setting have not been explored. This study aimed to determine abnormal lung functions in COVID-19 patients under a home isolation program. : A prospective study was conducted in asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients with normal chest radiographs at two medical centers in Thailand. Spirometry data, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75), and bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR), were collected. Spirometry was performed after disease resolution at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Abnormal lung functions were classified into airway obstruction, restrictive defect, mixed defect, small airway disease, and BDR. : A total of 250 patients (58% female) were included. The mean age was 37.4 ± 15.2 years. Asymptomatic patients accounted for 7.6%. Common symptoms included fever (55.6%) and cough (60.0%). Abnormal lung functions were observed in 28.4% of patients, with a restrictive lung pattern (14.4%), airway obstruction (4.8%), mixed defect (0.4%), small airway disease (8.4%), and BDR (2.8%). Significant changes from baseline were noted in FVC (1.21%), FEV/FVC (-1.51%predicted), PEF (0.06%), and FEF (-2.76%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that a higher body mass index was associated with a lower risk of abnormal lung function. : Ventilatory defects were observed in one-third of patients with mild COVID-19 who did not require hospitalization, mainly presenting as restrictive patterns and small airway disease. Even mild cases may have residual pulmonary impairment, warranting further long-term studies.
轻度2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者通常在门诊环境中接受治疗。在此环境下的肺功能尚未得到研究。本研究旨在确定居家隔离方案下COVID-19患者的肺功能异常情况。：在泰国的两个医疗中心，对胸部X线片正常的无症状或轻度COVID-19患者进行了一项前瞻性研究。收集了肺量计数据，包括第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、呼气峰值流速（PEF）、FVC 25%-75%时的用力呼气流量（FEF25-75）以及支气管扩张剂反应性（BDR）。在疾病缓解后的基线期和3个月随访时进行肺量计检查。肺功能异常分为气道阻塞、限制性缺陷、混合性缺陷、小气道疾病和BDR。：共纳入250例患者（58%为女性）。平均年龄为37.4±15.2岁。无症状患者占7.6%。常见症状包括发热（55.6%）和咳嗽（60.0%）。28.4%的患者观察到肺功能异常，其中限制性肺型（14.4%）、气道阻塞（4.8%）、混合性缺陷（0.4%）、小气道疾病（8.4%）和BDR（2.8%）。FVC（1.21%）、FEV/FVC（预测值-1.51%）、PEF（0.06%）和FEF（-2.76%）与基线相比有显著变化。逻辑回归分析表明，较高的体重指数与较低的肺功能异常风险相关。：在三分之一不需要住院治疗的轻度COVID-19患者中观察到通气缺陷，主要表现为限制性模式和小气道疾病。即使是轻症病例也可能有残留的肺损伤，需要进一步进行长期研究。
