Loskutova Alissa, Seitkali Ansar, Aliyev Dinmukhamed, Bukasov Rostislav
Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 11;26(14):6674. doi: 10.3390/ijms26146674.
Quantum Dots (QDs) are small semiconductor nanoparticles (<10 nm) with strong, relatively stable, and tunable luminescent properties, which are increasingly applied in the sensing and detection of various analytes, including metal ions, biomarkers, explosives, proteins, RNA/DNA fragments, pesticides, drugs, and pollutants. In this review, we critically assess recent developments and advancements in luminescent QD-based sensors from an analytical perspective. We collected, tabulated, and analyzed relevant data reported in 124 peer-reviewed articles. The key analytical figures of merit, including the limit of detection (LOD), excitation and emission wavelengths, and size of the particles were extracted, tabulated, and analyzed with graphical representations. We calculated the geometric mean and median LODs from those tabulated publications. We found the following geometric mean LODs: 38 nM for QD-fluorescent-based sensors, 26 nM for QD-phosphorescent-based sensors, and an impressively low 0.109 pM for QD-chemiluminescent-based sensors, which demonstrate by far the best sensitivity in QD-based detection. Moreover, AI-based sensing methods, including the ATTBeadNet model, optimized principal component analysis(OPCA) model, and Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based system, were reviewed as they enhance the analytical performance of the detection. Despite these advances, there are still challenges that include improvements in recovery values, biocompatibility, stability, and overall performance. This review highlights trends to guide the future design of robust, high-performance, QD-based luminescent sensors.
量子点（QDs）是一种小型半导体纳米颗粒（<10 nm），具有强的、相对稳定且可调节的发光特性，越来越多地应用于各种分析物的传感和检测，包括金属离子、生物标志物、爆炸物、蛋白质、RNA/DNA片段、农药、药物和污染物。在本综述中，我们从分析角度批判性地评估了基于发光量子点的传感器的最新发展和进展。我们收集、制表并分析了124篇同行评审文章中报道的相关数据。提取了关键的分析性能指标，包括检测限（LOD）、激发和发射波长以及颗粒大小，并制表呈现并用图形表示进行分析。我们从这些列表出版物中计算了几何平均和中位数LOD。我们发现了以下几何平均LOD：基于量子点荧光的传感器为38 nM，基于量子点磷光的传感器为26 nM，而基于量子点化学发光的传感器低至令人印象深刻的0.109 pM，这表明其在基于量子点的检测中具有迄今为止最佳的灵敏度。此外，还综述了基于人工智能的传感方法，包括ATTBeadNet模型、优化主成分分析（OPCA）模型和基于支持向量机（SVM）的系统，因为它们提高了检测的分析性能。尽管取得了这些进展，但仍存在挑战，包括回收率、生物相容性、稳定性和整体性能的改进。本综述突出了相关趋势，以指导未来设计坚固、高性能的基于量子点的发光传感器。
