Maestría en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito 170521, Ecuador.
Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador.
Viruses. 2023 Feb 1;15(2):417. doi: 10.3390/v15020417.
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a diverse group of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, with the exception of African swine fever virus, that are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods to a vertebrate host. They are the important cause of many diseases due to their ability to spread in different environments and their diversity of vectors. Currently, there is no information on the geographical distribution of the diseases because the routes of transmission and the mammals (wild or domestic) that act as potential hosts are poorly documented or unknown. We conducted a systematic review from 1967 to 2021 to identify the diversity of arboviruses, the areas, and taxonomic groups that have been monitored, the prevalence of positive records, and the associated risk factors. We identified forty-three arboviruses in nine mammalian orders distributed in eleven countries. In Brazil, the order primates harbor the highest number of arbovirus records. The three most recorded arboviruses were Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus. Serum is the most used sample to obtain arbovirus records. Deforestation is identified as the main risk factor for arbovirus transmission between different species and environments (an odds ratio of 1.46 with a 95% confidence interval: 1.34-1.59). The results show an increase in the sampling effort over the years in the neotropical region. Despite the importance of arboviruses for public health, little is known about the interaction of arboviruses, their hosts, and vectors, as some countries and mammalian orders have not yet been monitored. Long-term and constant monitoring allows focusing research on the analysis of the interrelationships and characteristics of each component animal, human, and their environment to understand the dynamics of the diseases and guide epidemiological surveillance and vector control programs. The biodiversity of the Neotropics should be considered to support epidemiological monitoring strategies.
节肢动物传播的病毒（arboviruses）是一组具有核糖核酸（RNA）的病毒，除了非洲猪瘟病毒外，它们通过吸血节肢动物传播给脊椎动物宿主。由于它们能够在不同的环境中传播，并且其载体多样性很高，因此它们是许多疾病的重要原因。目前，由于传播途径和可能作为潜在宿主的哺乳动物（野生或家养）记录不完善或未知，因此没有关于这些疾病的地理分布信息。我们从 1967 年至 2021 年进行了系统回顾，以确定 arboviruses 的多样性、已监测的地区和分类群、阳性记录的流行率以及相关的危险因素。我们在 11 个国家的 9 个哺乳动物目中发现了 43 种 arboviruses。在巴西，灵长类动物目拥有最多的 arbovirus 记录。记录最多的三种 arboviruses 是委内瑞拉马脑炎、圣路易斯脑炎和西尼罗河病毒。血清是获得 arbovirus 记录最常用的样本。森林砍伐被确定为不同物种和环境之间 arbovirus 传播的主要危险因素（比值比为 1.46，95%置信区间为 1.34-1.59）。结果表明，多年来，在新热带地区，采样工作的力度有所增加。尽管 arboviruses 对公共卫生很重要，但对于 arboviruses、其宿主和载体之间的相互作用知之甚少，因为一些国家和哺乳动物目尚未得到监测。长期和持续的监测可以使研究集中在分析每个动物、人类及其环境组成部分之间的相互关系和特征上，以了解疾病的动态，并指导流行病学监测和病媒控制计划。应当考虑新热带地区的生物多样性，以支持流行病学监测策略。
