Zhao Zuzhi, Fan Yinghao, Sun Peng, Zhang Suqin, Xu Mengfei, Li Jianhua, Xu Pengfei
Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
The Children's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 16;12:1613737. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1613737. eCollection 2025.
Over the past 40 years, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has increased steadily. This study aimed to update the evaluation of thyroid cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) rates from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on integrating prevalence data. Analyses were stratified by gender, age, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) at global, regional, and national levels.
Data were obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify temporal trends and evaluate age - standardized rates for prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASDR), and DALYs.
In 2021, the global thyroid cancer burden was substantial, with 1,987,148.5 cases. From 1990 to 2021, the ASPR increased from 14.9 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 14.1-16.0) to 23.1 (95% UI: 20.7-25.6) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of 1.58 (95% UI: 1.44-1.73); the ASIR increased from 2.1 (95% UI: 2-2.2) to 2.9 (95% UI: 2.6-3.2) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of 1.25 (95% UI: 1.14-1.37); the ASDR declined from 0.6 (95% UI: 0.5-0.6) to 0.5 (95% UI: 0.5-0.6) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of -0.24 (95% UI: -0.24 - -0.21); the age - standardized DALY rate decreased from 15.2 (95% UI: 14.2-16.8) to 14.6 (95% UI: 12.8-16.1) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of -0.14 (95% UI: -0.17 - -0.11). Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest rates, while high-income North America had the highest ASPR and ASIR, and Andean Latin America had the highest ASDR. Higher SDI regions showed higher ASPR and ASIR, whereas lower SDI regions had higher ASDR. Saudi Arabia had the highest ASPR and ASIR, and Ethiopia had the highest ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate.
From 1990 to 2021, the global health burden of thyroid cancer increased significantly, with marked geographical disparities. Prevention and control strategies should consider the unequal global distribution of the disease.
在过去40年里，全球甲状腺癌发病率稳步上升。本研究旨在更新1990年至2021年甲状腺癌患病率、发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）率的评估情况，重点是整合患病率数据。分析按全球、区域和国家层面的性别、年龄和社会人口指数（SDI）进行分层。
数据来自2021年全球疾病、伤害及风险因素负担研究（GBD）。计算估计年百分比变化（EAPC）以量化时间趋势，并评估患病率（ASPR）、发病率（ASIR）、死亡率（ASDR）和DALYs的年龄标准化率。
2021年，全球甲状腺癌负担沉重，病例数达1,987,148.5例。1990年至2021年，每10万人口的ASPR从14.9（95%不确定区间[UI]：14.1 - 16.0）增至23.1（95% UI：20.7 - 25.6），EAPC为1.58（95% UI：1.44 - 1.73）；每10万人口的ASIR从2.1（95% UI：2 - 2.2）增至2.9（95% UI：2.6 - 3.2），EAPC为1.25（95% UI：1.14 - 1.37）；每10万人口的ASDR从0.6（95% UI：0.5 - 0.6）降至0.5（95% UI：0.5 - 0.6），EAPC为 -0.24（95% UI： -0.24 - -0.21）；每10万人口的年龄标准化DALY率从15.2（95% UI：14.2 - 16.8）降至14.6（95% UI：12.8 - 16.1），EAPC为 -0.14（95% UI： -0.17 - -0.11）。撒哈拉以南非洲西部的发病率最低，而高收入的北美ASPR和ASIR最高，安第斯拉丁美洲ASDR最高。SDI较高的地区ASPR和ASIR较高，而SDI较低的地区ASDR较高。沙特阿拉伯ASPR和ASIR最高，埃塞俄比亚ASDR和年龄标准化DALY率最高。
1990年至2021年，全球甲状腺癌的健康负担显著增加，存在明显的地理差异。预防和控制策略应考虑该疾病在全球分布不均的情况。
