Le Dung
Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong, Da Lat, Lam Dong, 670000, Vietnam.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Aug 6;207(9):214. doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04421-0.
Carnation Fusarium wilt (CFW) is a devastating systemic disease affecting carnation production worldwide, although little is known about its status in Vietnam. This study provides the first comprehensive report on the population and pathogenesis profile of Fusarium species associated with CFW in Vietnam. A survey of commercial greenhouses revealed approximately 10.7% disease incidence, with symptomatic plants showing chlorosis, wilting, leaf blight, and vascular discoloration. Twenty-one Fusarium isolates were obtained and classified into the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), each comprising two morphologically distinct clades. Molecular identification based on ITS and TEF-1α sequences confirmed four species: F. oxysporum (42.9%), F. pernambucanum (33.3%), F. sulawesiense (19.0%), and F. nirenbergiae (4.8%), revealing notable species diversity. Pathogenicity tests at both seed germination and transplant stages showed that all identified species could cause disease, with varying degrees of aggressiveness. Fusarium oxysporum species complex isolates mainly delayed germination, while FIESC isolates more strongly reduced germination rates. Both complexes caused root rot, seedling death, and foliar symptoms in transplants. Two highly virulent isolates, C1611 (F. oxysporum) and C2111 (F. pernambucanum), significantly reduced seed viability and survival and caused high disease intensity. Some isolates showed organ- or stage-specific pathogenicity. This is the first report of F. pernambucanum, F. sulawesiense, and F. nirenbergiae associated with carnation, globally, and the first record of CFW-associated species in Vietnam. These findings highlight the diversity and pathogenic complexity of Fusarium species involved in CFW and underscore the need for accurate identification and effective disease management strategies in local and international trade.
香石竹枯萎病（CFW）是一种毁灭性的系统性病害，影响着全球香石竹的生产，不过其在越南的情况鲜为人知。本研究首次全面报道了越南与香石竹枯萎病相关的镰刀菌种群及致病特征。对商业温室的一项调查显示，发病率约为10.7%，有症状的植株表现出黄化、萎蔫、叶枯和维管束变色。获得了21株镰刀菌分离株，并分为尖孢镰刀菌复合种（FOSC）和肉色镰刀菌-平脐蠕孢镰刀菌复合种（FIESC），每个复合种都包含两个形态上不同的进化枝。基于ITS和TEF-1α序列的分子鉴定确认了4个种：尖孢镰刀菌（42.9%）、佩南布镰刀菌（33.3%）、苏门答腊镰刀菌（19.0%）和尼伦伯格镰刀菌（4.8%），显示出显著的物种多样性。在种子萌发和移栽阶段的致病性测试表明，所有鉴定出的种都能致病，且致病力程度不同。尖孢镰刀菌复合种分离株主要延迟萌发，而FIESC分离株对萌发率的降低作用更强。两个复合种都导致移栽苗根腐、幼苗死亡和叶片症状。两个高毒力分离株，C1611（尖孢镰刀菌）和C2111（佩南布镰刀菌），显著降低种子活力和存活率，并导致高病害严重度。一些分离株表现出器官或阶段特异性致病性。这是全球首次报道佩南布镰刀菌、苏门答腊镰刀菌和尼伦伯格镰刀菌与香石竹相关，也是越南首次记录与香石竹枯萎病相关的物种。这些发现突出了参与香石竹枯萎病的镰刀菌物种的多样性和致病复杂性，并强调了在本地和国际贸易中准确鉴定和有效病害管理策略的必要性。
