Li Menglu, Chen Xiaobo, Cui Yushuang, Yue Xin, Qi Lianfen, Huang Yali, Zhu Changxiong
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.
College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jul 29;16:1587397. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1587397. eCollection 2025.
Tomato ( L.), an economically significant crop, is frequently cultivated in greenhouses under continuous monoculture systems. Motivated by intensive agricultural practices and economic incentives, continuous cropping has become prevalent in China, yet it often results in soil degradation, including nutrient imbalances and microbial community shifts. However, the mechanisms driving soil deterioration in prolonged greenhouse monoculture remain unclear. In this study, soil samples from greenhouses with varying durations of continuous tomato cropping (1-3 years, 5-7 years, and >10 years) were analyzed for microbial and chemical parameters using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing and soil nutrient assays. Results demonstrated a significant increase in fungal abundance and diversity in >10 years samples, alongside reduced bacterial richness. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed opposing trends in bacterial and fungal networks, indicating a shift from bacterial to fungal dominance. This shift correlated with impaired microbial functions, including diminished metabolic activity and impaired carbon-nitrogen cycling. PLS-PM model identified the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) as key drivers of microbial community restructuring. Functional gene predictions based on 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that the expression of genes related to carbon (/, , , /, ) and nitrogen (, , , , , , , , , , , ) transformation were decreased. Mantel test further highlighted and as critical regulators of carbon and nitrogen dynamics. These findings elucidate mechanisms underlying soil degradation in long-term greenhouse monoculture systems and provide a theoretical basis for sustainable soil management strategies.
番茄（L.）是一种具有重要经济价值的作物，常在连作单一栽培系统的温室中种植。受集约化农业实践和经济激励的推动，连作在中国已变得普遍，但它常常导致土壤退化，包括养分失衡和微生物群落变化。然而，长期温室单一栽培中驱动土壤恶化的机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，使用16S rRNA和ITS测序以及土壤养分分析，对不同连作年限（1 - 3年、5 - 7年和>10年）的温室土壤样本进行了微生物和化学参数分析。结果表明，在>10年的样本中真菌丰度和多样性显著增加，同时细菌丰富度降低。共现网络分析揭示了细菌和真菌网络的相反趋势，表明从细菌主导转向真菌主导。这种转变与微生物功能受损相关，包括代谢活性降低和碳氮循环受损。PLS - PM模型确定土壤有机质（SOM）、氮（N）和磷（P）的积累是微生物群落重组的关键驱动因素。基于16S rRNA测序的功能基因预测表明，与碳（/，，，/，）和氮（，，，，，，，，，，，）转化相关的基因表达降低。Mantel检验进一步强调和是碳氮动态的关键调节因子。这些发现阐明了长期温室单一栽培系统中土壤退化的潜在机制，并为可持续土壤管理策略提供了理论依据。
