Fernández-Figares Vicioso María Pilar, Riutord Sbert Pere, Ramírez-Manent José Ignacio, López-González Ángel Arturo, Del Barrio Fernández José Luis, Vicente Herrero María Teófila
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Group, Spanish Association of Specialists in Occupational Medicine, 28012 Madrid, Spain.
ADEMA-Health Group of IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 24;17(15):2420. doi: 10.3390/nu17152420.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health concern influenced by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. This study compared T2D risk scores between commerce and industry sectors and assessed the associations of age, sex, education, physical activity, diet, and smoking with elevated risk.
This cross-sectional study included 56,856 men and 12,872 women employed in the commerce ( = 27,448) and industry ( = 42,280) sectors across Spain. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Four validated T2D risk scores (QDscore, Finrisk, Canrisk, and TRAQ-D) were calculated. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for high-risk categories by sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.
Women in the industrial sector had significantly higher age, BMI, waist circumference, and lipid levels than those in commerce; differences among men were less marked. Across all participants, higher T2D risk scores were independently associated with physical inactivity (OR up to 12.49), poor Mediterranean diet adherence (OR up to 6.62), industrial employment (OR up to 1.98), and older age. Male sex was strongly associated with high Canrisk scores (OR = 6.31; 95% CI: 5.12-7.51).
Employment in the industrial sector, combined with sedentary behavior and poor dietary habits, is independently associated with higher predicted T2D risk. Workplace prevention strategies should prioritize multicomponent interventions targeting modifiable risk factors, especially in high-risk subgroups such as older, less-educated, and inactive workers.
2型糖尿病（T2D）是一个受社会人口统计学和生活方式因素影响的重大全球健康问题。本研究比较了商业和工业部门之间的T2D风险评分，并评估了年龄、性别、教育程度、身体活动、饮食和吸烟与风险升高之间的关联。
这项横断面研究纳入了西班牙商业（n = 27448）和工业（n = 42280）部门的56856名男性和12872名女性雇员。收集了人体测量、临床和生化数据。计算了四个经过验证的T2D风险评分（QDscore、Finrisk、Canrisk和TRAQ-D）。多项逻辑回归模型根据社会人口统计学和生活方式特征估计了高危类别的调整优势比（OR）。
工业部门的女性年龄、体重指数、腰围和血脂水平显著高于商业部门的女性；男性之间的差异不太明显。在所有参与者中，较高的T2D风险评分与身体活动不足（OR高达12.49）、地中海饮食依从性差（OR高达6.62）、工业就业（OR高达1.98）和年龄较大独立相关。男性性别与高Canrisk评分密切相关（OR = 6.31；95%CI：5.12 - 7.51）。
工业部门的就业，再加上久坐行为和不良饮食习惯，与较高的预测T2D风险独立相关。工作场所预防策略应优先考虑针对可改变风险因素的多成分干预措施，特别是在老年、受教育程度较低和不活跃的工人等高风险亚组中。
