A reassessment of intravascular volume measurements in protein--calorie malnutrition.

Accurate determination of plasma volume is difficult in oedematous protein--calorie malnutrition, but present studies on the equilibrium of labelled red cells have shown that red cell volume measurements are valid in this syndrome. The red cell volumes have been measured in afflicted Bantu children during a refeeding programme. Expression of the results in ml/kg, ml/m2 or ml/cm is misleading and has been replaced by expressing the results as a percentage of the means of the normal values for the height. The results show that the red cell volume increase that ought to occur at the end of refeeding programme (and hence the iron requirement) is far higher than suggested by the packed cell volume. With treatment the red cell volume increases slowly. The red cell volume and plasma volume changes that occur during treatment do not take place at the same rate.