Wang Xiu, Gong Huanyu, Chen Ruixu, Tan Sumei, Shao Jianwei, Chen Jiming, Lu Shousheng, Liao Ming
School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
Guangdong Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Aug 4;16:1551155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1551155. eCollection 2025.
Certain arteriviruses causing severe diseases in domestic animals, such as porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome viruses, could originate through viral spillover, and simian arteriviruses pose threats to public health through viral spillover. To prepare for the spillover risks, it is desirable to delve into the diversity, evolution, and potential pathogenicity of arteriviruses in non-human primates, shrews, and rats, which are close in phylogenetics to humans or share the same habitats with humans and domestic animals.
In this study, a variety of viruses in Asian house shrews () and brown rats () were detected using high-throughput sequencing and virome analysis.
Two viruses were identified as novel genera in the family according to the demarcation criterion of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The two novel arteriviruses contained arterivirus-typical genomic structures, and they were different from classified arteriviruses in the N-linked glycosylation sites of their glycoproteins. Frameshift mutations, rather than genomic recombination, played a crucial role in the genetic divergence of the two viruses.
These results expand the knowledge about the genetic diversity and evolution of shrew viruses, rodent viruses, and arteriviruses. They provide scientific data for controlling the risks posed by shrew viruses and rodent viruses to humans and livestock.
某些在家畜中引发严重疾病的动脉炎病毒，如猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒，可能通过病毒溢出产生，而猿猴动脉炎病毒也会通过病毒溢出对公共卫生构成威胁。为应对溢出风险，深入研究与人类系统发育关系密切或与人类及家畜共享相同栖息地的非人灵长类动物、鼩鼱和大鼠体内动脉炎病毒的多样性、进化及潜在致病性是很有必要的。
在本研究中，利用高通量测序和病毒宏基因组分析检测了亚洲家鼩（）和褐家鼠（）体内的多种病毒。
根据国际病毒分类委员会的划分标准，两种病毒被鉴定为动脉炎病毒科中的新属。这两种新型动脉炎病毒具有动脉炎病毒典型的基因组结构，并且它们糖蛋白的N - 连接糖基化位点与已分类的动脉炎病毒不同。移码突变而非基因组重组在这两种病毒的遗传分化中起关键作用。
这些结果扩展了关于鼩鼱病毒、啮齿动物病毒和动脉炎病毒遗传多样性及进化的知识。它们为控制鼩鼱病毒和啮齿动物病毒对人类和家畜构成的风险提供了科学数据。
