Andretti Fabio, Jurado Carlos A, Antal Mark, Hernandez Alfredo I, Rojas-Rueda Silvia, Garcia-Godoy Franklin, Morrow Brian R, Nurrohman Hamid
Division of Oper Dent, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
School of Dental Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00732, Puerto Rico.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2025 Aug 4;10(8):508. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics10080508.
This study investigated a new multi-acid-etching formulation for zirconia ceramics, containing hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, nitric, orthophosphoric, and sulfuric acids. The solution was tested on polycrystalline (5Y-TZP zirconia), lithium disilicate, hybrid ceramic, and feldspathic porcelain to assess compatibility, etching selectivity, and surface conditioning.
Two-hundred-and-forty CAD/CAM specimens were etched for 20 s, 60 s, 30 min, or 1 h, and their surface roughness and etching patterns ware evaluated using 3D optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
A positive correlation was observed between etching time and surface roughness (Ra values). The most pronounced changes were observed in lithium disilicate and feldspathic porcelain, with Ra values increasing from 0.733 ± 0.082 µm (Group 5) to 1.295 ± 0.123 µm (Group 8), and from 0.902 ± 0.102 µm (Group 13) to 1.480 ± 0.096 µm (Group 16), respectively. Zirconia increased from 0.181 ± 0.043 µm (Group 1) to 0.371 ± 0.074 µm (Group 4), and the hybrid ceramic from 0.053 ± 0.008 µm (Group 9) to 0.099 ± 0.016 µm (Group 12). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of material and etching time, as well as a significant interaction between the two factors ( < 0.001). SEM observation revealed non-selective etching pattern for the lithium disilicate groups, indicating a risk of over-etching.
The tested etching solution increased surface roughness, especially for the lithium disilicate and feldspathic porcelain specimens. In zirconia, one-hour etching improved surface characteristics with minimal observable damage. However, additional studies are necessary to validate the mechanical stability and bond effectives of this approach.
本研究调查了一种用于氧化锆陶瓷的新型多酸蚀刻配方，该配方包含盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸、正磷酸和硫酸。该溶液在多晶（5Y-TZP氧化锆）、二硅酸锂、混合陶瓷和长石质瓷上进行测试，以评估其兼容性、蚀刻选择性和表面处理效果。
240个CAD/CAM样本分别蚀刻20秒、60秒、30分钟或1小时，使用三维光学轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估其表面粗糙度和蚀刻图案。
观察到蚀刻时间与表面粗糙度（Ra值）之间呈正相关。在二硅酸锂和长石质瓷中观察到最显著的变化，Ra值分别从0.733±0.082微米（第5组）增加到1.295±0.123微米（第8组），以及从0.902±0.102微米（第13组）增加到1.480±0.096微米（第16组）。氧化锆从0.181±0.043微米（第1组）增加到0.371±0.074微米（第4组），混合陶瓷从0.053±0.008微米（第9组）增加到0.099±0.016微米（第12组）。双向方差分析显示材料和蚀刻时间有显著影响，以及两个因素之间有显著交互作用（<0.001）。SEM观察显示二硅酸锂组的蚀刻图案无选择性，表明存在过度蚀刻的风险。
测试的蚀刻溶液增加了表面粗糙度，特别是对于二硅酸锂和长石质瓷样本。在氧化锆中，一小时的蚀刻改善了表面特性，且观察到的损伤最小。然而，需要进一步的研究来验证这种方法的机械稳定性和粘结效果。
