Araújo Mateus Alves, Rodrigues Morais Bianca, da Silva Santos João Pedro, de Jesus Larissa Karla, Aurélio Lomba Kaliston, do Nascimento Gustavo Costa, Soares Marcus Alvarenga, Neves Nathalia de Andrade, Andressa Irene, Pedrosa Silva Clerici Maria Teresa, Schmiele Marcio
Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
Methods Protoc. 2025 Jul 23;8(4):82. doi: 10.3390/mps8040082.
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely distributed among plants, with bioactive properties, especially antioxidant activity. The search for sustainable extraction methods has driven the use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs), formed by combinations of natural compounds, such as organic acids, sugars, alcohols, and amino acids. This study optimized NaDES (sorbitol, citric acid, and glycine) efficiency and compared it to that of 70% methanol solution in extracting total soluble phenolic compounds (TSPCs) from six flours matrices-corn, buckwheat, biofortified orange sweet potato, red lentil, Sudan grass, and chickpea-before and after thermoplastic extrusion cooking. Quantification was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, with statistical analysis at the 10% significance level. In general, the methanolic extracts showed higher TSPC levels in the raw materials, whereas the levels were higher in NaDESs for legumes. After extrusion, a reduction in the TSPC levels was observed, except in the sweet potato. Multivariate analysis (PLS-DA and heatmap) distinguished the raw and extruded samples, revealing structural and chemical changes from thermal processing. The AGREE scores were 0.7 (NaDES) and 0.54 (methanol), favoring NaDES. The BAGI score (75.0) confirmed the method's robustness and suitability for sustainable analytical applications.
酚类化合物是广泛分布于植物中的次生代谢产物，具有生物活性，尤其是抗氧化活性。对可持续提取方法的探索推动了天然低共熔溶剂（NaDESs）的使用，它由天然化合物如有机酸、糖、醇和氨基酸组合而成。本研究优化了NaDES（山梨醇、柠檬酸和甘氨酸）的提取效率，并将其与70%甲醇溶液从六种面粉基质（玉米、荞麦、生物强化橙色甘薯、红扁豆、苏丹草和鹰嘴豆）中提取总可溶性酚类化合物（TSPCs）的效率进行了比较，这些面粉基质在热塑性挤压烹饪前后进行提取。使用福林-西奥尔特法进行定量分析，并在10%显著性水平上进行统计分析。总体而言，甲醇提取物在原料中显示出较高的TSPC水平，而豆类在NaDESs中的TSPC水平较高。挤压后，除甘薯外，TSPC水平均有所下降。多变量分析（偏最小二乘判别分析和热图）区分了未加工和挤压后的样品，揭示了热加工引起的结构和化学变化。AGREE评分分别为0.7（NaDES）和0.54（甲醇），表明NaDES更具优势。BAGI评分（75.0）证实了该方法的稳健性和适用于可持续分析应用的特性。
