Yeneneh Kumlachew, Sufe Gadisa
Department of Motor Vehicle Engineering, College of Engineering, Ethiopian Defence University, P.O. Box 1041, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland, 50-370.
Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 1;15(1):32132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17529-6.
This study presents a sustainable and low-cost approach to biodiesel production using non-edible cottonseed oil and a novel nickel-doped chicken eggshell-derived catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized via nickel impregnation followed by calcination at 900 °C to facilitate the decomposition of CaCO₃ into catalytically active CaO and promote nickel oxide formation for enhanced surface reactivity. Process optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) resulted in a maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 98.01% under optimal conditions. These included a reaction temperature of 62 °C, a 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 4 wt% catalyst loading, and 117 min reaction time. This performance surpassed the 96.3% yield obtained using undoped CaO. Characterization revealed high crystallinity (68.2%) and a porous morphology, contributing to improved catalytic performance and reusability. The cottonseed oil feedstock exhibited favorable properties, including low moisture content (1.2%) and high volatility (94.4%). FTIR and GC-MS analyses confirmed successful transesterification, with the biodiesel rich in linoleic acid (50.5%) and meeting ASTM fuel standards (cetane number 53.75, viscosity 4.96 mm²/s). These findings demonstrate a scalable, environmentally friendly biodiesel production route that leverages waste-derived materials, supporting circular economy goals and sustainable energy strategies in resource-constrained regions.
本研究提出了一种可持续且低成本的生物柴油生产方法，该方法使用非食用棉籽油和一种新型的镍掺杂鸡蛋壳衍生催化剂。通过镍浸渍法合成催化剂，随后在900℃下煅烧，以促进碳酸钙分解为具有催化活性的氧化钙，并促进氧化镍形成以增强表面反应性。使用响应面法（RSM）进行工艺优化，在最佳条件下脂肪酸甲酯（FAME）的最大产率为98.01%。这些条件包括反应温度62℃、甲醇与油的摩尔比为12:1、催化剂负载量为4 wt%以及反应时间为117分钟。该性能超过了使用未掺杂氧化钙时获得的96.3%的产率。表征显示其具有高结晶度（68.2%）和多孔形态，有助于提高催化性能和可重复使用性。棉籽油原料具有良好的性能，包括低水分含量（1.2%）和高挥发性（94.4%）。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）分析证实了成功的酯交换反应，所生产的生物柴油富含亚油酸（50.5%），并符合美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）燃料标准（十六烷值53.75，粘度4.96平方毫米/秒）。这些发现证明了一种可扩展的、环境友好的生物柴油生产路线，该路线利用了废物衍生材料，支持了资源受限地区的循环经济目标和可持续能源战略。
