Destordeur Li-Cécile, Lopez Delhoulle Victoria, Papadopoulos Iraklis, Maes Nathalie, Fombellida Karine, El Moussaoui Majdouline, Darcis Gilles
University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Biostatistics and Research Method Center, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Sep 3;12(9):ofaf513. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf513. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Despite antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PLWH) remain vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases. Although vaccination is strongly recommended, data on vaccine uptake among PLWH in Belgium remain scarce. This study aims to assess pneumococcal, COVID-19, and influenza vaccine coverage in PLWH in Belgium and identify factors associated with vaccine uptake.
We conducted a retrospective study using the data from the HIV database of the Liege University Hospital in Belgium from 2017 to 2022. We evaluated vaccine coverage and collected demographic, clinical, and biological data to assess factors associated with vaccine uptake. Vaccine adherence was characterized as follows: partial adherence: receipt of at least one of the recommended vaccines during the study period and complete vaccination: pneumococcal vaccination, full COVID-19 primary vaccination, and annual influenza vaccination throughout the study period.
Among 791 participants, 89.1% received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Sixty-eight percent received at least 1 dose of influenza vaccine, but only 10.1% were vaccinated annually. Pneumococcal vaccine coverage was only 37.8%. Complete vaccine adherence was correlated with age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.02, = .024). Partial vaccine adherence was associated with age (aOR: 2.66, = .026) and number of consultations (aOR: 1.23, = .0002) and negatively associated with intravenous drug use (aOR: 0.15, = .015).
While COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high, vaccination coverage for influenza and pneumococcal disease remains insufficient. Age, healthcare encounters, and drug use were key factors influencing vaccine uptake. Targeted interventions and vaccine reminders should be conducted to increase vaccination rates.
尽管有抗逆转录病毒疗法，但人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者（PLWH）仍易患疫苗可预防疾病。尽管强烈建议接种疫苗，但比利时PLWH的疫苗接种数据仍然匮乏。本研究旨在评估比利时PLWH的肺炎球菌、新冠病毒和流感疫苗接种率，并确定与疫苗接种相关的因素。
我们使用比利时列日大学医院2017年至2022年HIV数据库的数据进行了一项回顾性研究。我们评估了疫苗接种率，并收集了人口统计学、临床和生物学数据，以评估与疫苗接种相关的因素。疫苗依从性的特征如下：部分依从：在研究期间接受至少一种推荐疫苗；完全接种：在整个研究期间接种肺炎球菌疫苗、完成新冠病毒初次接种和每年接种流感疫苗。
在791名参与者中，89.1%的人至少接种了一剂新冠病毒疫苗。68%的人至少接种了一剂流感疫苗，但只有10.1%的人每年接种。肺炎球菌疫苗接种率仅为37.8%。完全疫苗依从性与年龄相关（调整后的优势比[aOR]：1.02，P = 0.024）。部分疫苗依从性与年龄（aOR：2.66，P = 0.026）和就诊次数（aOR：1.23，P = 0.0002）相关，与静脉吸毒呈负相关（aOR：0.15，P = 0.015）。
虽然新冠病毒疫苗接种率较高，但流感和肺炎球菌疾病的疫苗接种覆盖率仍然不足。年龄、医疗接触和吸毒是影响疫苗接种的关键因素。应采取有针对性的干预措施和疫苗提醒，以提高接种率。
