Xu Xiaolan, Li Chunxia, Zhu Yuxuan, Zhao Shuangshuang, Wu Fangjing, He Qian, Wei Lizhen, Duan Xinle, Li Jianghong
College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
College of Food science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 30;17(17):2831. doi: 10.3390/nu17172831.
Propolis contains abundant flavonoid and phenolic compounds, whose composition and concentration vary significantly in different geographical origins, thereby affecting its bioactive properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the flavonoid and phenolic content in the ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) from Henan (HN) and Shandong (SD) provinces was quantitatively analyzed, and the results showed that concentrations of both bioactive components in HN were slightly higher than those in SD. The non-targeted metabolomics technology was further employed to analyze the components of EEP, and a total of 10683 metabolites were detected. In the comparison between the samples of HN and SD, there were a total of 1436 differential metabolites, with 553 decreased and 883 increased in the HN sample. Among them, there were 205 differential metabolites related to flavonoids and phenols, with 108 decreased and 97 increased in the HN sample. However, a greater number of carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty derivatives and organooxygen metabolites were found at higher relative levels in the HN sample. As a result, the EEP of the HN sample was selected to investigate its inhibitory effect on inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia cells. The results showed that LPS promoted the M1 polarization of BV2 microglia. However, treatment with EEP at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, and 2.5 µg/mL could partially restore the cell morphology to its non-activated state. Meanwhile, LPS stimulation increased the protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly, as well as the relative gene expression levels of , , , , and TLR4. After treatment with the EEP, the expression levels of these three proteins and six genes were significantly decreased. These findings revealed that EEP effectively inhibited the M1 polarization of LPS-induced BV2 cells and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation.
蜂胶含有丰富的黄酮类和酚类化合物，其组成和浓度在不同地理来源中差异显著，从而影响其生物活性特性，包括抗炎、抗氧化和抗菌活性。在本研究中，对河南（HN）和山东（SD）两省蜂胶乙醇提取物（EEP）中的黄酮类和酚类含量进行了定量分析，结果表明，HN中这两种生物活性成分的浓度略高于SD。进一步采用非靶向代谢组学技术分析EEP的成分，共检测到10683种代谢物。在HN和SD样品的比较中，共有1436种差异代谢物，其中HN样品中有553种减少，883种增加。其中，与黄酮类和酚类相关的差异代谢物有205种，HN样品中有108种减少，97种增加。然而，在HN样品中发现相对含量较高的羧酸及其衍生物、脂肪衍生物和有机氧化合物代谢物数量更多。因此，选择HN样品的EEP来研究其对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的BV2小胶质细胞炎症的抑制作用。结果表明，LPS促进了BV2小胶质细胞的M1极化。然而，用10μg/mL、5μg/mL和2.5μg/mL浓度的EEP处理可使细胞形态部分恢复到未激活状态。同时，LPS刺激显著增加了IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的蛋白水平，以及 、 、 、 、 和TLR4的相对基因表达水平。用EEP处理后，这三种蛋白和六个基因的表达水平显著降低。这些发现表明，EEP有效抑制了LPS诱导的BV2细胞的M1极化，并降低了炎症因子的表达，表明其作为神经炎症治疗剂的潜力。
