Vasincu Alexandru, Rusu Răzvan-Nicolae, Ababei Daniela-Carmen, Bulea Delia, Arcan Oana Dana, Vasincu Ioana Mirela, Beșchea Chiriac Sorin, Popescu Ionuț-Răducu, Bild Walther, Bild Veronica
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Nutrients. 2025 Sep 5;17(17):2877. doi: 10.3390/nu17172877.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) encompass a group of chronic conditions, characterized by neuronal losses in large areas of the brain, leading to cognitive and behavioral impairments. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive ND, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and tau protein, entails cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier impairment, with oxidative stress playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. To date, the available pharmacotherapy has shown limited efficacy, and multitarget activity of plant-derived neuroprotective bioactive compounds is currently in focus. This review synthesizes experimental evidence regarding species with neuroprotective potential in AD, particularly and . These plants are rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, essential oils, and triterpenoids that synergistically scavenge reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), and reduce lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, these extracts have demonstrated the ability to decrease β-amyloid accumulation and tau protein levels, key pathological features of AD. Even though additional research is required to fully assess their potential as therapeutic agents for NDs, by diving into the specific mechanisms through which they improve neurodegenerative processes, important steps can be made towards this endpoint.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）包括一组慢性疾病，其特征是大脑大面积区域的神经元损失，导致认知和行为障碍。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆形式，是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是淀粉样β蛋白和tau蛋白的积累，会导致认知能力下降、神经炎症、线粒体功能障碍和血脑屏障受损，氧化应激在其发病机制中起关键作用。迄今为止，现有的药物治疗效果有限，植物源性神经保护生物活性化合物的多靶点活性目前备受关注。本综述综合了关于在AD中具有神经保护潜力的物种的实验证据，特别是[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]。这些植物富含生物活性化合物，包括多酚、黄酮类化合物、精油和三萜类化合物，它们协同清除活性氧/氮物种，上调内源性抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶），并减少脂质过氧化。此外，这些提取物已证明能够降低β-淀粉样蛋白的积累和tau蛋白水平，这是AD的关键病理特征。尽管需要更多的研究来全面评估它们作为神经退行性疾病治疗药物的潜力，但通过深入研究它们改善神经退行性过程的具体机制，可以朝着这个目标迈出重要的一步。
