Sordelli Chiara, Liguori Carlo, Fele Nunzia, Weisz Sara Hana, Verde Raffaele, Guarino Angela, De Crescenzo Nunzia, Perrella Alessandro, Di Lorenzo Emilio
Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Department of Radiology, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Naples, Italy.
J Cardiovasc Echogr. 2025 Apr-Jun;35(2):108-115. doi: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_92_24. Epub 2025 Jul 30.
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease, but its impact is significant as it affects 3-10/100,000 per year in the population. According to the current guidelines ESC 2023, the evidence of lesions characteristic of IE is a major diagnostic criterion. Echocardiography is the first-line imaging technique to diagnose IE and to assess the structural and functional damage of cardiac structures. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is recommended in patients with an inconclusive or negative TTE, in patients with high suspicion of IE, as well as in patients with a positive TTE, to document local complications. Other imaging modalities, such as cardiac computed tomography and nuclear imaging, are needed to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of IE, to characterize the extent of the cardiac lesions, and to diagnose cardiac complications. The aim of this article was to review the potential role of cardiac imaging, especially of TEE and cardiac CT in evaluating IE perivalvular complications.
感染性心内膜炎（IE）是一种罕见疾病，但其影响重大，因为每年每10万人中有3至10人受其影响。根据2023年欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）现行指南，IE特征性病变的证据是一项主要诊断标准。超声心动图是诊断IE以及评估心脏结构的结构和功能损害的一线成像技术。对于经胸超声心动图（TTE）结果不确定或为阴性的患者、高度怀疑IE的患者以及TTE结果为阳性的患者，推荐进行经食管超声心动图（TEE）检查，以记录局部并发症。还需要其他成像方式，如心脏计算机断层扫描和核成像，来确认或排除IE的诊断、确定心脏病变的范围以及诊断心脏并发症。本文的目的是综述心脏成像，尤其是TEE和心脏CT在评估IE瓣周并发症方面的潜在作用。
