Saroosh Rabiya, Ahmad Nazir, Israr Beenish, Arif Sana, Itrat Nizwa, Ahmad Abdul Momin Rizwan
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Front Oncol. 2025 Sep 8;15:1624896. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1624896. eCollection 2025.
The co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer has received considerable attention due to their global prevalence and shared metabolic pathways, greatly affecting quality of life and life expectancy, especially in women. Epidemiological evidence indicates that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a 20-30% higher risk of developing breast cancer than women without type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review was conducted through a comprehensive and structured literature search to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies examining the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer. To ensure the quality and relevance of the included literature, only studies published in English were considered. The focus was on literature addressing pathological mechanisms, epidemiological data, and shared risk factors contributing to the coexistence of these conditions. Preference was given to recent publications, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and high-quality original research articles. The primary databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The increased risk of breast cancer among type 2 diabetic patients is largely attributed to shared risk factors such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dietary patterns, physical inactivity, age, hormonal imbalances, and genetic predispositions, all of which contribute to the coexistence of these conditions. Chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and persistent hyperglycemia, together with dysregulation of adipokine and estrogen signaling, create a carcinogenic environment that facilitates the development of breast cancer in type 2 diabetic patients. This review emphasizes the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to prevention and treatment. Effective intervention strategies can reduce the dual burden of these diseases, resulting in better patient outcomes and improved quality of life.
2型糖尿病与乳腺癌的共病现象因其全球患病率以及共同的代谢途径而受到了广泛关注，这极大地影响了生活质量和预期寿命，尤其是在女性中。流行病学证据表明，患有2型糖尿病的女性患乳腺癌的风险比未患2型糖尿病的女性高20%-30%。本综述通过全面且结构化的文献检索进行，以识别相关的同行评审研究，探讨2型糖尿病与乳腺癌之间的关系。为确保纳入文献的质量和相关性，仅考虑以英文发表的研究。重点关注涉及病理机制、流行病学数据以及导致这些疾病共存的共同风险因素的文献。优先选择近期的出版物，包括系统评价、荟萃分析和高质量的原创研究文章。检索的主要数据库包括PubMed、Scopus、科学网和谷歌学术。2型糖尿病患者患乳腺癌风险增加在很大程度上归因于肥胖、高血糖、饮食模式、身体活动不足、年龄、激素失衡和遗传易感性等共同风险因素，所有这些因素都促成了这些疾病的共存。慢性炎症、高胰岛素血症和持续性高血糖，连同脂肪因子和雌激素信号失调，营造了一个致癌环境，促进了2型糖尿病患者乳腺癌的发生。本综述强调迫切需要采取多学科方法进行预防和治疗。有效的干预策略可以减轻这些疾病的双重负担，从而改善患者预后并提高生活质量。
