Biomineralization-Driven Advances in Materials Science and Biomedical Engineering.

This perspective articulates the transformative role of biomineralization in materials science and biomedical engineering. Establishing fundamental principles through systematic analysis of mineralization categories, dynamic processes, and crystal nucleation/growth mechanisms, the review progresses to contemporary bioinspired applicationsfrom biotemplated nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to precision tooth remineralization and engineered bone scaffolds. Critical examination of persistent challenges (morphological precision, scalable production, biological template design) precedes discussion of emerging technological vectors: superhydrophilic/hydrophobic interfacial engineering and hybrid composite systems. The discourse extends to diagnostic biosensing platforms and AI-optimized mineralization architectures as frontier applications. Conclusively, the work frames an interdisciplinary convergence of biological, chemical, and engineering paradigms essential for realizing biomineralization's potential while mapping strategic research directions.