Tian Yanhua, Sun Wenbo, Song Jijun
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou Medical Science Research Center, Zhoukou, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou Medical Science Research Center, Zhoukou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Sep 25;12:1655316. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1655316. eCollection 2025.
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR), yet its population-level impact using composite oxidative metrics remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between the oxidative balance score (OBS), a composite indicator of pro- and antioxidant exposures, and AR in U.S. adults.
We analyzed data in the 2005-2006 NHANES. An OBS, comprising 16 dietary and 4 lifestyle factors, was calculated and analyzed as both a continuous variable and by quartiles. Associations with AR were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Survey-weighted analyses were additionally performed to account for the complex sampling design and assess national representativeness. Sensitivity analyses included dietary energy adjustment (residual method), exclusion of asthma or supplement users, and alternative AR definitions. Exploratory subgroup analyses were further conducted across demographic and clinical strata with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing.
Among 1,491 adults, higher total and dietary OBS were significantly associated with AR. In fully adjusted models, each unit increase in total OBS corresponded to 2% higher odds of AR (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), and each SD increase to 19% higher odds (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06-1.34). Dietary OBS showed a similar association (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), whereas lifestyle OBS was not significant (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.93-1.08). Quartile analyses revealed dose-response relationships, with Q4 of total (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.20-2.33) and dietary OBS (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.16-2.22) showing significantly increased odds compared with Q1. In survey-weighted analyses, total OBS remained significantly associated with AR, whereas dietary and lifestyle OBS were not. These associations remained robust in sensitivity analyses.
In a nationally representative sample, higher OBS was associated with greater odds of AR after adjustment, with an approximately linear association. Associations were stronger for dietary than lifestyle OBS, and the positive association persisted for total OBS in survey-weighted models. Overall, these findings suggest OBS may serve as a practical composite marker of diet-related redox balance in AR epidemiology.
氧化应激与过敏性鼻炎（AR）的发病机制有关，但使用综合氧化指标评估其对人群的影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在调查氧化平衡评分（OBS），即促氧化剂和抗氧化剂暴露的综合指标，与美国成年人AR之间的关联。
我们分析了2005 - 2006年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据。计算了包含16种饮食和4种生活方式因素的OBS，并将其作为连续变量和四分位数进行分析。使用多变量逻辑回归和受限立方样条（RCS）模型评估与AR的关联。此外，进行了调查加权分析以考虑复杂的抽样设计并评估全国代表性。敏感性分析包括饮食能量调整（残差法）、排除哮喘患者或补充剂使用者以及替代AR定义。进一步在人口统计学和临床分层中进行探索性亚组分析，并对多重检验进行错误发现率（FDR）校正。
在1491名成年人中，总OBS和饮食OBS较高与AR显著相关。在完全调整模型中，总OBS每增加一个单位，AR的患病几率增加2%（OR = 1.02；95% CI：1.01 - 1.04），标准差每增加一个单位，患病几率增加19%（OR = 1.19；95% CI：1.06 - 1.34）。饮食OBS显示出类似的关联（OR = 1.03；95% CI：1.01 - 1.04），而生活方式OBS不显著（OR = 1.01；95% CI：0.93 - 1.08）。四分位数分析揭示了剂量反应关系，总OBS的Q4（OR = 1.67；95% CI：1.20 - 2.33）和饮食OBS的Q4（OR = 1.60；95% CI：1.16 - 2.22）与Q1相比，患病几率显著增加。在调查加权分析中，总OBS与AR仍显著相关，而饮食和生活方式OBS则不然。这些关联在敏感性分析中仍然稳健。
在具有全国代表性的样本中，调整后较高的OBS与AR的患病几率增加相关，且呈近似线性关联。饮食OBS的关联比生活方式OBS更强，在调查加权模型中总OBS的正关联持续存在。总体而言，这些发现表明OBS可能作为AR流行病学中与饮食相关的氧化还原平衡的实用综合标志物。
