Mumena Chrispinus Hakimu, Kjeller Göran, Hasséus Bengt, Giglio Daniel
Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Oct 21;15(1):36508. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24683-4.
Information on the prevalence of oral diseases and associated factors in Africa is limited. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the oral health status in adults living in urban Ndola (N = 188) and rural Mansa (N = 211) where participants were interviewed on oral health, followed by an oral examination. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to examine associations between socio-demographic factors, oral disease risk factors, and oral disease presence across urban and rural participants. Dental caries occurred in 72.9% of urban and 47.9% of rural participants (p < 0.0001). DMFT was 4.0 in urban participants compared to 2.2 in rural participants (p < 0.0001). Gingivitis occurred in 84.5% and 88.1% of urban and rural participants, respectively (p = 0.297). Age and habitat were factors significantly associated with dental caries, DMFT, and gingivitis. Smoking and alcohol use were significantly associated with gingivitis, while age, education, smoking, and alcohol use were factors significantly associated with periodontal disease. Only three study participants in the rural population were diagnosed with leukoplakia. In conclusion, dental caries was particularly common in the urban population in Zambia, while gingivitis was high in both the urban and rural populations. Unmet dental care calls for broad interventions to address oral diseases in Zambia.
关于非洲口腔疾病患病率及其相关因素的信息有限。在这项横断面研究中，我们评估了居住在恩多拉市区（N = 188）和曼萨农村（N = 211）的成年人的口腔健康状况，研究中对参与者进行了口腔健康访谈，随后进行了口腔检查。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归分析来研究城乡参与者的社会人口学因素、口腔疾病风险因素与口腔疾病存在情况之间的关联。72.9%的城市参与者和47.9%的农村参与者患有龋齿（p < 0.0001）。城市参与者的龋失补牙指数（DMFT）为4.0，而农村参与者为2.2（p < 0.0001）。城市和农村参与者中牙龈炎的发生率分别为84.5%和88.1%（p = 0.297）。年龄和居住环境是与龋齿、DMFT和牙龈炎显著相关的因素。吸烟和饮酒与牙龈炎显著相关，而年龄、教育程度、吸烟和饮酒是与牙周疾病显著相关的因素。农村人口中只有三名研究参与者被诊断为白斑。总之，龋齿在赞比亚城市人口中尤为常见，而牙龈炎在城市和农村人口中都很普遍。未得到满足的牙科护理需求要求采取广泛干预措施来解决赞比亚的口腔疾病问题。
