Arumugam Mayakrishnan, Zhang Yunyang, Huang Ying, Perumal Ramesh Kannan, Zhang Ting, Kong Xiangdong, Zhao Ruibo
Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Bioact Mater. 2025 Oct 27;56:402-454. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.10.021. eCollection 2026 Feb.
Biomaterial supported cell encapsulation matrices have demonstrated superior properties for enhancing biological functionality, making them highly significant for translational medicine across multiple therapeutic applications. This review examined how biomaterials interact with cellular therapies, including stem cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts across single-cell, multicellular, and core-shell structures. The biomaterial capsule plays a key role in improving cell viability, immune protection, and supporting tissue-specific interactions. Furthermore, this review highlights current trends in microfluidics, 3D printing, in situ preparation, and electrospraying self-assembly, each method offering different advantages for cell encapsulation matrices. Microfluidics allows precise control of capsule size and uniformity, making it suitable for single-cell and core-shell encapsulation. The 3D printing technologies empower accurate cell placement to build multicellular structures that mimic native tissue organization. In situ preparation directly encapsulates cells within the target tissue. Collectively, these techniques significantly influence the physical, chemical, and biological properties of encapsulated cells. Additionally, we discuss various biomaterials including natural proteins, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymers, each material offers unique benefits in terms of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The integration of living cells with biomaterial matrix cell encapsulation systems greatly exhibits mechanical strength, high porosity, and controlled drug release. Importantly, this review emphasises the dual role of the biomaterial capsule in cancer therapy, which enhances anti-tumor immune responses and promotes tissue regeneration, with a focus on bone, skin, neural tissue, liver, vascular structures, and skeletal muscle repair. In conclusion, cell-encapsulated biomaterials are a versatile platform supporting both cancer immunotherapy and regenerative medicine, underscoring their wide range of biomedical applications.
生物材料支持的细胞封装基质已展现出在增强生物学功能方面的卓越特性，使其在多种治疗应用的转化医学中具有高度重要性。本综述研究了生物材料如何与细胞疗法相互作用，包括跨单细胞、多细胞和核壳结构的干细胞、免疫细胞和成纤维细胞。生物材料胶囊在提高细胞活力、免疫保护以及支持组织特异性相互作用方面发挥着关键作用。此外，本综述强调了微流体技术、3D打印、原位制备和电喷雾自组装的当前趋势，每种方法都为细胞封装基质提供了不同的优势。微流体技术能够精确控制胶囊大小和均匀性，适用于单细胞和核壳封装。3D打印技术可实现精确的细胞放置，以构建模仿天然组织结构的多细胞结构。原位制备可直接将细胞封装在目标组织内。总体而言，这些技术显著影响被封装细胞的物理、化学和生物学特性。此外，我们还讨论了各种生物材料，包括天然蛋白质、多糖和合成聚合物，每种材料在生物相容性和生物可降解性方面都具有独特的优势。活细胞与生物材料基质细胞封装系统的整合极大地展现出机械强度、高孔隙率和可控的药物释放。重要的是，本综述强调了生物材料胶囊在癌症治疗中的双重作用，即增强抗肿瘤免疫反应并促进组织再生，重点关注骨、皮肤、神经组织、肝脏、血管结构和骨骼肌修复。总之，细胞封装生物材料是一个支持癌症免疫疗法和再生医学的通用平台，突显了它们广泛的生物医学应用。
