Davis C E, Arnold K
J Exp Med. 1974 Jul 1;140(1):159-71. doi: 10.1084/jem.140.1.159.
Enteric bacilli and meningococci (MGC) both contain potent endotoxins, but purpuric skin lesions indistinguishable from the experimental dermal Shwartzman reaction are much more common during meningococcal bacteremia than during bacteremia with enteric organisms. Highly purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS), virtually free of contamination by protein, RNA, and capsule, were extracted by a modification of the phenol-water technique from MGC (serogroups A, B, and C) and enteric bacilli (Escherichia coli 04 and 0:111, and Salmonella typhimurium). Polysaccharides in these LPS were similar by gas chromatography except for one galactose-deficient strain of MGC (135B). LPS from MGC and enterics were equally potent for the general Shwartzman reaction and mouse lethality, but LPS from MGC was 5-10 times more potent in inducing the dermal Shwartzman reaction. The greater skin potency of LPS from MGC explains the prominence of purpura in meningococcemia. Comparison of the properties of LPS may explain other differences in clinical syndromes caused by gram-negative bacteria.
肠道杆菌和脑膜炎球菌（MGC）都含有强效内毒素，但与实验性皮肤施瓦茨曼反应难以区分的紫癜性皮肤病变在脑膜炎球菌血症期间比肠道菌血症更为常见。通过改良的酚水技术，从MGC（A、B和C血清群）和肠道杆菌（大肠杆菌04和0:111以及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）中提取了高度纯化的脂多糖（LPS），其几乎不含蛋白质、RNA和荚膜的污染。除了一株缺乏半乳糖的MGC菌株（135B）外，这些LPS中的多糖通过气相色谱分析显示相似。来自MGC和肠道菌的LPS对全身性施瓦茨曼反应和小鼠致死性同样有效，但来自MGC的LPS在诱导皮肤施瓦茨曼反应方面的效力要高5至10倍。来自MGC的LPS在皮肤方面更强的效力解释了脑膜炎球菌血症中紫癜的突出表现。LPS特性的比较可能解释革兰氏阴性菌引起的临床综合征中的其他差异。
