Horwood C, Wolff E
Calif Med. 1969 Jan;110(1):28-33.
The better his understanding of some of the ways in which an organic deficit might affect normal development of the handicapped child, the more able the family physician will be to offer guidance to the family aimed at preventing the development of secondary problems. He can thus be instrumental in helping a child achieve his maximal potential.First, it is important to take into account how the parents' emotional and intellectual responses to having a defective child may interfere markedly in normal parent-child relationship. Second, ways in which each deficit will limit a child's exposure to stimuli must not be over-looked. Third, one must consider how a deficit may indirectly distort the normal learning patterns when parents do not make age appropriate demands. Fourth, it is important to understand how specific interference in the area of language skills may cause further developmental retardation. Fifth, one must be aware of special problems that an organically handicapped child must face in the society outside of the family. Last of all, in an older child, one must consider the need for a full scale evaluation to sort out primary and secondary factors in the picture.
他对器质性缺陷可能影响残疾儿童正常发育的某些方式理解得越透彻，家庭医生就越有能力为家庭提供指导，以防止继发性问题的出现。这样，他就能在帮助孩子发挥最大潜能方面发挥作用。首先，重要的是要考虑到父母对有缺陷孩子的情感和智力反应如何可能显著干扰正常的亲子关系。其次，每种缺陷限制孩子接触刺激的方式绝不能被忽视。第三，当父母没有提出适合孩子年龄的要求时，必须考虑缺陷可能如何间接扭曲正常的学习模式。第四，理解语言技能领域的特定干扰如何可能导致进一步的发育迟缓很重要。第五，必须意识到器质性残疾儿童在家庭之外的社会中必须面对的特殊问题。最后，对于年龄较大的孩子，必须考虑进行全面评估以梳理情况中的主要和次要因素的必要性。
