Weiss D W, Bonhag R S, Leslie P
J Exp Med. 1966 Dec 1;124(6):1039-65. doi: 10.1084/jem.124.6.1039.
A methanol-insoluble residue (MER) of phenol-killed attenuated tubercle bacilli (BCG), which has been reported previously to be capable of evoking heightened resistance to infection with antigenically unrelated microorganisms, was found to affect as well the resistance of highly inbred mice against tumor isografts. In most instances, the MER evoked heightened resistance against the tumor implants, but heightened susceptibility was the effect induced against two of the tumors tested, and no effect was elicited against one neoplasm. It is suggested that the heightened susceptibility occasionally produced by pretreatment with MER may also be of immunological nature, i.e. immunological enhancement. Treatment with MER was more effective when administered some time before tumor challenge than when given simultaneously with, or after, tumor implantation. The protective effects manifested against some tumors were of a high order, a significant number of animals rejecting the neoplastic implants, and were displayed even when several months elapsed between treatment and challenge. Living BCG and intact phenol-killed bacilli also evoked heightened resistance against some of the tumors tested, and in one experiment living BCG proved effective whereas MER did not. On the whole, however, MER was the most active (and least toxic, as shown previously) of the several tubercle bacillus preparations tested. MER elicited heightened reactivity against first transplant generation tumors as well as against tumors maintained for considerable periods of time by repeated animal passage, and against spontaneously arising as well as against induced neoplasms. The experimental parameters necessary to demonstrate maximal effects varied somewhat from tumor to tumor. In general, however, single intraperitoneal injections of small quantities of MER, of the order of 0.25 to 1.0 mg, afforded the best protection.
苯酚灭活减毒结核杆菌（卡介苗）的甲醇不溶性残渣（MER），此前已有报道称其能够引发对与抗原无关微生物感染的增强抵抗力，现发现它也会影响高度近交小鼠对肿瘤同基因移植的抵抗力。在大多数情况下，MER引发了对肿瘤植入物的增强抵抗力，但对所测试的两种肿瘤却诱导出了增强的易感性，而对一种肿瘤则未产生影响。有人认为，MER预处理偶尔产生的增强易感性也可能具有免疫性质，即免疫增强作用。在肿瘤攻击前一段时间给予MER比在肿瘤植入时或植入后给予更有效。对某些肿瘤表现出的保护作用程度很高，相当数量的动物排斥肿瘤植入物，即使在治疗和攻击之间间隔数月也依然如此。活卡介苗和完整的苯酚灭活杆菌也引发了对一些所测试肿瘤的增强抵抗力，在一项实验中，活卡介苗被证明有效而MER无效。然而，总体而言，MER是所测试的几种结核杆菌制剂中活性最高的（且如先前所示毒性最小）。MER引发了对第一代移植肿瘤以及通过动物反复传代维持相当长时间的肿瘤、对自发产生的肿瘤以及对诱导肿瘤的增强反应性。证明最大效果所需的实验参数因肿瘤而异。然而，一般来说，单次腹腔注射少量MER（约0.25至1.0毫克）可提供最佳保护。
