Butler N R, Goldstein H
Br Med J. 1973 Dec 8;4(5892):573-5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5892.573.
A national sample of several thousand children has been followed longitudinally from birth. At the ages of 7 and 11 years physical and mental retardation due to smoking in pregnancy has been found, and this deficit increases with the number of cigarettes smoked after the fourth month of pregnancy. Children of mothers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day are on average 1.0 cm shorter and between three and five months retarded on reading, mathematics, and general ability compared with the offspring of non-smokers, after allowing for associated social and biological factors.
对数千名儿童的全国性样本从出生起就进行了纵向跟踪。研究发现,在7岁和11岁时,存在因孕期吸烟导致的身心发育迟缓情况,且这种发育迟缓会随着怀孕第四个月后吸烟量的增加而加剧。在考虑了相关社会和生物学因素后,与不吸烟母亲的后代相比,每天吸烟10支或更多的母亲所生的孩子平均矮1.0厘米,在阅读、数学和综合能力方面发育迟缓三到五个月。